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Erschienen in: Der Hautarzt 2/2015

01.02.2015 | Leitthema

Adaptive Immunantworten und damit verbundene Triggerfaktoren bei atopischer Dermatitis

verfasst von: Dr. A. Heratizadeh, T. Werfel, L. M. Rösner

Erschienen in: Die Dermatologie | Ausgabe 2/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hinsichtlich äußerer Triggerfaktoren bei atopischer Dermatitis (AD) liegt eine ebenso vielfältige wie komplexe Antwort des erworbenen Immunsystems zugrunde. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt hierbei der Hautbesiedlung mit Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. Sowohl für die von S. aureus sezernierten Exotoxine als auch für Proteine des Erregers selbst kann eine spezifische humorale und zelluläre Immunantwort bei Patienten mit AD nachgewiesen werden, die teils auch mit dem Schweregrad der Erkrankung korreliert. Malassezia-Spezies können ebenfalls in einer Untergruppe an Patienten eine spezifische IgE-Antwort und eine spezifische T-Zell-Antwort auslösen, was u. a. in Untersuchungen mit Atopie-Patch-Tests zu beobachten war. Darüber hinaus zeigt das Allergen Mala s 13 eine hohe Kreuzreaktivität mit einem humanen korrespondierenden Protein (Thioredoxin). Demnach scheint die Induktion einer Autoallergie infolge einer molekularen Mimikry von besonderer Relevanz für Malassezia-sensibilisierte Patienten mit AD zu sein und ist daher Thema fortführender Forschungsprojekte. Autoallergene ohne Kreuzreaktivität zu Umgebungsallergenen stehen ebenfalls als mögliche Triggerfaktoren im Fokus derzeitiger experimenteller Studien. Hinsichtlich inhalativer Allergene liegen neue Erkenntnisse zur spezifischen Relevanz bei Patienten mit AD vor. Gräserpollen können im Rahmen einer kontrollierten Allergenexposition zu einer sichtbaren Verschlechterung der Hautsymptome bei entsprechend sensibilisierten Patienten mit AD führen. Für Hausstaubmilbenallergene liegen zunehmend Daten vor, eine Th2-, aber auch Th2/Th17-T-Zell-Polarisation zu induzieren. Weiterführende Untersuchungen der allergenspezifischen Immunantwort sollen dazu beitragen, zukünftig eine effektive und spezifische Therapie für sensibilisierte Patienten mit AD entwickeln zu können.
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Metadaten
Titel
Adaptive Immunantworten und damit verbundene Triggerfaktoren bei atopischer Dermatitis
verfasst von
Dr. A. Heratizadeh
T. Werfel
L. M. Rösner
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Dermatologie / Ausgabe 2/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7005
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7013
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-014-3559-8

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