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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 1/2015

01.02.2015 | Schwerpunkt

Aktinische Keratose, Morbus Bowen, Keratoakanthom und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut

verfasst von: M. Majores, Prof. Dr. E. Bierhoff

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 1/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Die aktinische Keratose (AK) ist eine intraepidermale plattenepitheliale Neoplasie in lichtgeschädigter Haut und die mit Abstand häufigste neoplastische Hauterkrankung. Die Graduierung in 3 Schweregrade (Grad I–III) wird vorgeschlagen und zunehmend akzeptiert, nicht zuletzt aufgrund therapeutischer Konsequenzen. Der Übergang der AK in ein invasives Plattenepithelkarzinom wird bei bis zu 5–10 % der Patienten und bei Immunsuppression bei bis zu 30 % der Patienten beschrieben.
Der Morbus Bowen (MB) ist eine Variante des plattenepithelialen Carcinoma in situ der Haut und der Haut-Schleimhaut-Übergänge. Wichtig ist die Abgrenzung von der „bowenoiden Papulose“ als HPV-assoziierte Erkrankung des äußeren Genitale bzw. der genitalen Schleimhäute, der aktinischen Keratose vom bowenoid proliferierenden Typ (AK Grad III), intraepithelialen poroiden Tumoren und bei klonalem Wachstum von der klonalen seborrhoischen Keratose und dem Morbus Paget.
Das Keratoakanthom (KA) wird mittlerweile mehrheitlich als hochdifferenzierte Variante des Plattenepithelkarzinoms der Haut mit klinischen und histologischen Charakteristika gewertet. Klinische Charakteristika sind schnelles Wachstum und spontane Remission. Histologische Besonderheiten sind v. a. Wachstumsmuster und Rückbildung über fortschreitende Stadien der Regression. Die definitive Diagnose sollte ausschließlich am kompletten Untersuchungsmaterial erfolgen.
Das Plattenepithelkarzinom (PEC bzw. „squamous cell carcinoma“ [SCC]) der Haut ist nach dem Basaliom die zweithäufigste maligne Neoplasie der Haut. Im Hinblick auf Rezidivneigung und Metastasierungsrisiko ist eine Subtypisierung kutaner SCC äußerst wichtig. Die Tumorklassifikation nach der Union Internationale Contra le Cancer (UICC) orientiert sich ausschließlich an der anatomisch basierten Ausbreitung, die Klassifikation nach dem American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) berücksichtigt zudem bei der Stadiendifferenzierung im Stadium I und II sogenannte Hochrisikofaktoren.
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Metadaten
Titel
Aktinische Keratose, Morbus Bowen, Keratoakanthom und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut
verfasst von
M. Majores
Prof. Dr. E. Bierhoff
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-014-2063-3

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