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Erschienen in: Herz 4/2015

01.06.2015 | Schwerpunkt

Aortenklappenstenose: Computertomographie vor Transkatheteraortenklappenimplantation (TAVI)

Wie erreicht man eine Verbesserung der Ergebnisse?

verfasst von: M. Hell, Prof. Dr. S. Achenbach, M. Arnold

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 4/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Die Computertomographie (CT) spielt eine wesentliche und zunehmend wichtige Rolle in der präinterventionellen Diagnostik bei Patienten, die für eine kathetergestützte Aortenklappenimplantation (TAVI) vorgesehen sind. Die CT-Bildgebung (sie muss zwingend mit Kontrastmittel durchgeführt werden) ermöglicht eine umfassende Beurteilung sowohl des Zugangsweges als auch der Geometrie und der Dimensionen von Aortenwurzel und Aortenklappe. Um zu entscheiden, ob die Klappenimplantation transfemoral erfolgen kann, müssen der minimale Gefäßdurchmesser, die Tortuosität und die Kalzifizierung der Iliakal- und Femoralgefäße beurteilt werden. Die Größenvermessung des Aortenannulus dient der Ermittlung der zu implantierenden Prothesengröße – dabei ist die CT der 2-dimensionalen Echokardiographie eindeutig überlegen. Zudem gestattet die CT eine genaue Bestimmung des Abstands zwischen Koronarostien und Aortenannulus, der Tiefe der Sinus valsalvae und der Dimensionen der Aorta ascendens – je nach eingesetztem Klappentyp müssen hierbei besondere Grenzwerte beachtet werden. Schließlich ermöglicht die CT die Bestimmung geeigneter Angulationen, um während der Implantation mittels Fluoroskopie eine exakt orthogonale Projektion der Aortenklappenebene zu erreichen. Dies führt zu einer Reduktion der bei der Implantation notwendigen Kontrastmittelmenge. In den meisten Zentren wird die CT des Herzens und der Gefäße als Routineverfahren bei allen Patienten eingesetzt, die für den kathetergestützten Aortenklappenersatz vorgesehen sind, und liefert umfassende Informationen, welche die prozedurale Qualität erheblich verbessern.
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Metadaten
Titel
Aortenklappenstenose: Computertomographie vor Transkatheteraortenklappenimplantation (TAVI)
Wie erreicht man eine Verbesserung der Ergebnisse?
verfasst von
M. Hell
Prof. Dr. S. Achenbach
M. Arnold
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2015
Verlag
Urban & Vogel
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-015-4232-4

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