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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 8/2012

01.11.2012 | Leitthema

Beatmungsstrategien bei chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung

verfasst von: M. Stein, Univ.-Prof. Dr. M. Joannidis

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 8/2012

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Zusammenfassung

COPD gilt als eine der häufigsten Lungenerkrankungen in den Industrieländern. Die nichtinvasive Beatmung (NIV) ist die Therapie der Wahl bei akut auftretender Exazerbation von chronischem Atempumpversagen (AE-COPD). Professionelle NIV erfordert geschultes Personal und entsprechendes Monitoring. Üblicherweise wird NIV bei COPD mittels assistierter positiver Druckbeatmung durchgeführt, auf jeweils ausreichend hohe inspiratorische Flüsse und Spitzendrücke ist zu achten. Die Einstellung des externen PEEP („positive end expiratory pressure“) muss in Anpassung an den intrinsischen PEEP erfolgen. Erfolgskriterien sind Stabilisierung des klinischen Zustandbildes, insbesondere der Vigilanz, bzw. Verbesserung von pH und PaCO2. Am meisten profitieren Patienten mit einem pH-Wert zwischen 7,25 und 7,35 von NIV. Bei Nichtansprechen oder Auftreten von Kontraindikationen muss rechtzeitig eine Intubation erfolgen. Bei intubierten COPD-Patienten sind assistierte Beatmungsformen den kontrollierten vorzuziehen. Die Einstellungen während der invasiven Beatmung müssen auf eine Reduktion des bei COPD erhöhten intrinsischen PEEP und der dynamischen Überblähung ausgerichtet sein. Dazu zählen ausreichender externer PEEP, lange Exspirationszeiten und niedrige Atemfrequenz auch unter Tolerierung von permissiver Hyperkapnie.
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Metadaten
Titel
Beatmungsstrategien bei chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung
verfasst von
M. Stein
Univ.-Prof. Dr. M. Joannidis
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 8/2012
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-012-0187-x

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