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Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Epileptologie 3/2016

12.05.2016 | Epilepsie | Übersichten

Chirurgische Epilepsietherapie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Josef Zentner

Erschienen in: Clinical Epileptology | Ausgabe 3/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Chirurgische Maßnahmen zur Behandlung schwerer Epilepsien haben inzwischen weite Verbreitung und allgemeine Akzeptanz gefunden. Unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen reflektieren einerseits die verschiedenen pathologischen und pathophysiologischen Gegebenheiten, andererseits auch unterschiedliche epileptologische und operative Konzepte.
Bei temporalen Eingriffen liegen keine homogenen Daten dafür vor, dass der Erhalt lateraler neokortikaler Strukturen für die kognitiven Funktionen vorteilhaft ist, ebensowenig, dass bei temporomesialen Epilepsien eine laterale oder auch eine ausgedehnte hippokampale Resektion zur Anfallskontrolle notwendig ist. Extratemporale Eingriffe machen in aller Regel eine umfassende prächirurgische Epilepsiediagnostik erforderlich, können jedoch mit Verfügbarkeit moderner Techniken wie funktionelle Bildgebung, Traktographie, Neuronavigation sowie intraoperativem Mapping und Monitoring erfolgreich durchgeführt werden. Die Hemisphärektomie/Hemisphärotomie stellt eine exzellente therapeutische Option für Patienten mit katastrophal verlaufenden Epilepsien unilateraler Genese dar. Unter den funktionellen Verfahren haben Stimulationstechniken in jüngster Zeit vermehrtes Interesse gefunden, während die Kallosotomie einen gewissen Stellenwert zur Behandlung schwerer Sturzanfälle beibehalten hat. Multiple subpiale Transsektionen werden fast ausschließlich nur noch in Ergänzung zur Resektion eingesetzt.
Das epilepsiechirurgische Programm hat sich insgesamt als erfolgreich erwiesen. Nach wie vor stehen die klassischen resektiven Verfahren im Vordergrund operativer Maßnahmen, wobei inzwischen ein klarer Trend zur Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu erkennen ist.
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Metadaten
Titel
Chirurgische Epilepsietherapie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Josef Zentner
Publikationsdatum
12.05.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Schlagwort
Epilepsie
Erschienen in
Clinical Epileptology / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 2948-104X
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-1058
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-016-0054-5

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