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Erschienen in: Der Nephrologe 6/2012

01.11.2012 | Leitthema

Chronische metabolische Azidose bei Niereninsuffizienz

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. J. Hoyer

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 6/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Eine chronische metabolische Azidose ist eine häufige Komplikation bei niereninsuffizienten Patienten, die klinisch im Stadium IV oder V der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz („chronic kidney disease“, CKD) auffällt, jedoch bereits bei Patienten ab einem CKD 2 feststellbar ist. Die multiplen systemischen Auswirkungen einer metabolischen Azidose manifestieren sich in Störungen des Protein-, Muskel- und Knochenstoffwechsels. Zudem kann sie zur Beeinträchtigung der kardialen Funktion und der respiratorischen Belastbarkeit führen. Eine chronische metabolische Azidose ist mit einer erhöhten Mortalität der betroffenen Patienten assoziiert. Die Progression einer Nierenerkrankung ist bei Patienten mit chronischer metabolischer Azidose beschleunigt. In Therapiestudien konnte der progressionsmindernde Effekt einer Azidosekorrektur mittels Bikarbonatsubstitution nachgewiesen werden. Zur Korrektur einer Azidose sollten Anpassungen der Ernährungsweise mit einer Bikarbonatsubstitution kombiniert werden. Die Ernährung sollte auf einen erhöhten Anteil an Obst und Gemüse und eine moderate Eiweißzufuhr umgestellt werden. Die Bikarbonatsubstitution kann oral in Tablettenform erfolgen, jedoch müssen die damit verbundene Natriumzufuhr und die konsekutive Volumenbelastung beachtet werden, welche eine vorbestehende Hypertonie oder Herzinsuffizienz aggravieren können. Bei Dialysepatienten erfolgt der wesentliche Teil der Bikarbonatzufuhr über das Dialysat. Während dadurch die Azidose bei der Mehrzahl der Peritonealdialyspatienten ausgeglichen wird, bedürfen Hämodialysepatienten häufig einer zusätzlichen oralen Bikarbonatsubstitution.
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Metadaten
Titel
Chronische metabolische Azidose bei Niereninsuffizienz
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. J. Hoyer
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 6/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-012-0670-7

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