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Erschienen in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 10/2015

01.10.2015 | Original Contribution

Classifying adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on functional and structural imaging

verfasst von: Reto Iannaccone, Tobias U. Hauser, Juliane Ball, Daniel Brandeis, Susanne Walitza, Silvia Brem

Erschienen in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Ausgabe 10/2015

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Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disabling psychiatric disorder associated with consistent deficits in error processing, inhibition and regionally decreased grey matter volumes. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, interviews and questionnaires, which are to some degree subjective and would benefit from verification through biomarkers. Here, pattern recognition of multiple discriminative functional and structural brain patterns was applied to classify adolescents with ADHD and controls. Functional activation features in a Flanker/NoGo task probing error processing and inhibition along with structural magnetic resonance imaging data served to predict group membership using support vector machines (SVMs). The SVM pattern recognition algorithm correctly classified 77.78 % of the subjects with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.78 % based on error processing. Predictive regions for controls were mainly detected in core areas for error processing and attention such as the medial and dorsolateral frontal areas reflecting deficient processing in ADHD (Hart et al., in Hum Brain Mapp 35:3083–3094, 2014), and overlapped with decreased activations in patients in conventional group comparisons. Regions more predictive for ADHD patients were identified in the posterior cingulate, temporal and occipital cortex. Interestingly despite pronounced univariate group differences in inhibition-related activation and grey matter volumes the corresponding classifiers failed or only yielded a poor discrimination. The present study corroborates the potential of task-related brain activation for classification shown in previous studies. It remains to be clarified whether error processing, which performed best here, also contributes to the discrimination of useful dimensions and subtypes, different psychiatric disorders, and prediction of treatment success across studies and sites.
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Metadaten
Titel
Classifying adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on functional and structural imaging
verfasst von
Reto Iannaccone
Tobias U. Hauser
Juliane Ball
Daniel Brandeis
Susanne Walitza
Silvia Brem
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Ausgabe 10/2015
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0678-4

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