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Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 5/2015

01.05.2015 | Leitthema

Clostridium-difficile-assoziierte Infektionen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

verfasst von: Dr. S. Weichert, A. Simon, L. von Müller, R. Adam, H. Schroten

Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | Ausgabe 5/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In den letzten Jahren kam es zu einer deutlichen Zunahme von Clostridium-difficile-assoziierten Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über Inzidenz, Erkrankungsausprägung und -verlauf von C.-difficile-assoziierten Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter sowie entsprechenden Diagnosealgorithmen und Therapieempfehlungen.

Material und Methode

Hierzu wurden Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten sowie Expertenempfehlungen ausgewertet und zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse

Obwohl die Inzidenz von C.-difficile-assoziierten Erkrankungen gestiegen ist, zeigte sich keine erhöhte Mortalität im Kindesalter. Hauptsächlich die Exposition gegenüber Antibiotika, aber auch bestimmte Grunderkrankungen und Komorbiditäten sind Risikofaktoren für das Erkranken. Kinder < 1 Jahr weisen hohe Kolonisierungsraten auf. Bei älteren, symptomatischen Kindern kommen mehrstufige Diagnostikalgorithmen zum Einsatz. Erkrankungen bei Kindern ohne Grunderkrankung verlaufen nach Absetzen der Antibiotika meist selbstlimitierend. Eine Therapieindikation stellt sich bei symptomatischen Kindern mit Risikofaktoren bzw. schweren Verläufen. Durch spezielle Hygienemaßnahmen kann die Transmission von C. difficile eingedämmt und durch ein „antibiotic stewardship program“ die Senkung der Prävalenz ermöglicht werden.

Schlussfolgerungen

Kenntnisse der Eigenheiten von C.-difficile-assoziierten Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter ermöglichen ein rationales diagnostisches und therapeutisches Vorgehen. Darüber hinaus können spezielle Hygienemaßnahmen und Antibiotic-stewardship-Programme maßgeblich zu einer Reduktion von C.-difficile-assoziierten Erkrankungen beitragen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Clostridium-difficile-assoziierte Infektionen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
verfasst von
Dr. S. Weichert
A. Simon
L. von Müller
R. Adam
H. Schroten
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde / Ausgabe 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0026-9298
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-014-3253-z

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