Introduction
Study citation | N/ADHD | Gender (% male) | Age | Source population (com, clin) | Country | AUC | 95 % CI | SE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[51] | 27/59a
100/59b
| 55 | 5–12 | Clin Com/clin | Yemen | 0.86 0.97 | 0.78–0.95 0.93–1.00 | – |
[33] | 370/173c
| 73 | 5–17 | Clin | Germany | 0.77 |
P < 0.001g
| – |
[19] | 240/283d
| 65 | 3–17 | Clin | Spain | 0.86 | 0.82–0.89 | – |
[52] | 47/47e
| – | – | Clin/com | Shanghai/ China | 0.77 | 0.71–0.83 | – |
[34] | 110/65f
98/65 | – | 4–16 | Com/clin Clin | Germany | 0.94 0.77 | – – | 0.02 0.03 |
[53] | 162/11c
88/11 | – | 4–16 | Com/clin Clin | Bangladesh | 0.92 0.87 | – | 0.03 0.05 |
[18] | 5997/236 | 50 | 7–9 | Com | Norway | 0.91 | 0.90–0.92 | – |
Method
Participants and procedures
Measures
Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA; [22])
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; [12]): parent version
Analytic plan
Results
Demographics
Non-ADHD (n = 18,007) | ADHD combined (n = 264) | ADHD inattentive (n = 110) | ADHD hyperactivity (n = 35) | Statistic F or chi square | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, M ± SD
| 10.16 ± 3.27 | 10.02 ± 3.09 | 10.07 ± 2.81 | 9.32 ± 2.92 | 1.95 |
Gender, male [n (%)] | 8987 (50) | 224 (85) | 83 (76) | 29 (85) | 170.8*** |
Race, white [n (%)] | 16062 (89) | 255 (97) | 103 (94) | 29 (85) | 17.46** |
Life events, 3 or more [yes (%)] | 2267 (13) | 75 (29) | 28 (26) | 11 (32) | 82.09*** |
General health, bad [n (%)] | 1133 (6) | 46 (17) | 14 (13) | 4 (12) | 59.93*** |
Neurodevelopmental problem [yes, n (%)] | 526 (3) | 46 (17) | 23 (21) | 3 (9) | 285.15*** |
Mother edu qualification, none [yes (%)] | 3688 (21) | 90 (35) | 22 (20) | 8 (24) | 29.80*** |
Parent working status, no working [yes (%)] | 2991 (17) | 89 (34) | 27 (25) | 10 (29) | 61.94*** |
Family size, 3 or more children [yes, n (%)] | 6324 (35) | 87 (33) | 48 (44) | 15 (44) | 5.24 |
Single parent family [yes, n (%)] | 4126 (23) | 104 (40) | 36 (33) | 9 (27) | 46.01*** |
Family functioning score, M ± SD
| 1.69 ± .41a
| 1.92 ± 0.49 | 1.80 ± 0.48 | 1.90 ± 0.46 | 31.91*** |
Parent GHQ score, M ± SD
| 1.70 ± 2.70a
| 3.12 ± 3.32 | 2.96 ± 3.51 | 2.97 ± 3.12 | 33.35*** |
Diagnostic efficiency statistics
AUC [95 % CI] | |||
---|---|---|---|
SDQ scales parent version | Age < 10 | 11–13 | 14–16 |
(a) | |||
Male any ADHD/non-ADHD, n
| 184/4725 | 96/2417 | 55/1762 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | 0.92 [0.91–0.94]a,b
| 0.92 [0.91–0.94]a
| 0.91 [0.89–0.94] |
Conduct problems | 0.81 [0.77–0.84]c
| 0.85 [0.81–0.89]c
| 0.88 [0.83–0.92] |
Total difficulties | 0.90 [0.89–0.92] | 0.92 [0.90–0.94] | 0.91 [0.88–0.94] |
Female any ADHD/non-ADHD, n
| 39/4827 | 21/2317 | 12/1769 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | 0.92 [0.88–0.97]a,d
| 0.93 [0.87–0.99]a
| 0.96 [0.94–0.99]a
|
Conduct problems | 0.82 [0.75–0.90]c
| 0.83 [0.73–0.93]c
| 0.86 [0.77–0.95]c
|
Total difficulties | 0.93 [0.91–0.95] | 0.92 [0.85–0.98] | 0.94 [0.89–0.99] |
(b) | |||
Male any ADHD/non-ADHD, n
| 184/330 | 96/209 | 55/184 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | 0.76 [0.72–0.80]a,b,¥
| 0.78 [0.73–0.83]a,b
| 0.75 [0.68–0.82]a,b
|
Conduct problems | 0.57 [0.52–0.62]c
| 0.63 [0.56–0.70] | 0.65 [0.57–0.73] |
Total difficulties | 0.63 [0.58–0.68] | 0.65 [0.59–0.72] | 0.68 [0.60–0.75] |
Female any ADHD/non-ADHD, n
| 39/233 | 21/170 | 12/198 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | 0.78 [0.70–0.85]a,b
| 0.80 [0.70–0.90]a
| 0.88 [0.80–0.95]a
|
Conduct problems | 0.61 [0.52–0.71] | 0.63 [0.49–0.76] | 0.66 [0.49–0.83] |
Total difficulties | 0.64 [0.56–0.72] | 0.70 [0.57–0.83] | 0.77 [0.61–0.93] |
Hyperactivity/inattention scale score range | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full sample, Any ADHD prevalence (2 %) | ||||
0–4 | 5–9 | 10 | ||
Diagnostic likelihood ratio | 0.03 | 2.34 | 21.32 | |
Subsample with + diagnostic, any ADHD prevalence (23 %) | ||||
0–4 | 5–7 | 8–9 | 10 | |
Diagnostic likelihood ratio | 0.06 | 0.77 | 1.80 | 4.47 |