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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 11/2015

01.11.2015 | Leitthema

Diagnostik bei Pankreas- und Cholangiokarzinomen

verfasst von: Dr. T. Voigtländer, T. Lankisch, L. Grenacher, J. Mayerle

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 11/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das Pankreas- (PDAC) und Cholangiokarzinom (CCA) sind schwierig zu diagnostizierende gastrointestinale Tumoren, die häufig erst im späten Stadium erkannt werden. Initial sind die Beschwerden unspezifisch, was die Diagnosestellung verzögert. Fast immer sind mehrere diagnostische Methoden notwendig, um sicher die Erkrankung und ihr Stadium festzustellen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der Arbeit ist darzustellen, wie das PDAC und das CCA leitliniengerecht diagnostiziert werden. Zudem werden neuere Techniken der Diagnosefindung diskutiert.

Material und Methoden

Übersicht über gängige und zukünftige diagnostische Verfahren, ihre Möglichkeiten und Grenzen auch in Hinblick auf differenzialdiagnostisch infrage kommende andere Erkrankungen.

Ergebnisse

Die Diagnose eines PDAC ist laborchemisch nicht möglich, sondern erfordert einen multimodalen diagnostischen Ansatz. Am Anfang steht fast immer die abdominelle Sonographie, dann folgt oft eine Computertomographie (CT), ein endoskopischer Ultraschall (EUS) und/oder eine Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT), in Abhängigkeit von der Verfügbarkeit der apparativen Diagnostik und der Expertise der Untersucher. Neuere Verfahren wie die transiente Elastographie bedürfen einer weiteren Evaluation. Die Diagnose des CCA beruht ebenfalls auf bildgebenden und endoskopischen Verfahren, v. a. der MRT und der endoskopisch-retrograden Cholangiographie (ERC).

Diskussion

Die einzelnen diagnostischen Methoden weisen spezifische Stärken und Schwächen auf, sodass zur sicheren Diagnose des PDAC und CCA meist eine Kombination der Verfahren eingesetzt wird. Aufgrund der insgesamt schlechten Prognose der Tumoren sind neue diagnostische Methoden zur frühzeitigen Diagnose von besonderem Interesse.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diagnostik bei Pankreas- und Cholangiokarzinomen
verfasst von
Dr. T. Voigtländer
T. Lankisch
L. Grenacher
J. Mayerle
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 11/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-015-2928-y

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