Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2/2015

01.02.2015 | Original Paper

Differential stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare professionals towards psychiatry and patients with mental health problems: something to worry about? A pilot study

verfasst von: Laura M. Gras, Marte Swart, Cees J. Slooff, Jaap van Weeghel, Henderikus Knegtering, Stynke Castelein

Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Ausgabe 2/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

This study compares stigmatizing attitudes of different healthcare professionals towards psychiatry and patients with mental health problems.

Methods

The Mental Illness Clinicians Attitude (MICA) questionnaire is used to assess stigmatizing attitudes in three groups: general practitioners (GPs, n = 55), mental healthcare professionals (MHCs, n = 67) and forensic psychiatric professionals (FPs, n = 53).

Results

A modest positive attitude towards psychiatry was found in the three groups (n = 176). Significant differences were found on the total MICA-score (p < 0.001). GPs scored significantly higher than the FPs and the latter scored significantly higher than the MHCs on all factors of the MICA. Most stigmatizing attitudes were found on professionals’ views of health/social care field and mental illness and disclosure. Personal and work experience did not influence stigmatizing attitudes.

Conclusions

Although all three groups have a relatively positive attitude using the MICA, there is room for improvement. Bias toward socially acceptable answers cannot be ruled out. Patients’ view on stigmatizing attitudes of professionals may be a next step in stigma research in professionals.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Lauber C, Anthony M, Ajdacic-Gross V, Rössler W (2004) What about psychiatrists’ attitude to mentally ill people? Eur Psychiatry 19:423–427PubMedCrossRef Lauber C, Anthony M, Ajdacic-Gross V, Rössler W (2004) What about psychiatrists’ attitude to mentally ill people? Eur Psychiatry 19:423–427PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulze B (2007) Stigma and mental health professionals: a review of the evidence on an intricate relationship. Int Rev Psychiatry 19:137–155PubMedCrossRef Schulze B (2007) Stigma and mental health professionals: a review of the evidence on an intricate relationship. Int Rev Psychiatry 19:137–155PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Mak WWS, Poon CYM, Pun LYK, Cheung SF (2007) Meta-analysis of stigma and mental health. Soc Sci Med 65:245–261PubMedCrossRef Mak WWS, Poon CYM, Pun LYK, Cheung SF (2007) Meta-analysis of stigma and mental health. Soc Sci Med 65:245–261PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Borge L, Martinsen EW, Ruud T, Watne O, Friis S (1999) Quality of life, loneliness, and social contact among long-term psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Serv 50:81–84PubMedCrossRef Borge L, Martinsen EW, Ruud T, Watne O, Friis S (1999) Quality of life, loneliness, and social contact among long-term psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Serv 50:81–84PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Thornicroft G (2008) Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 17:14–19PubMedCrossRef Thornicroft G (2008) Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 17:14–19PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kassam A, Glozier N, Leese M, Henderson C, Thornicroft G (2010) Development and responsiveness of a scale to measure clinicians’ attitudes to people with mental illness (medical student version). Acta Psychiatr Scand 122:153–161PubMedCrossRef Kassam A, Glozier N, Leese M, Henderson C, Thornicroft G (2010) Development and responsiveness of a scale to measure clinicians’ attitudes to people with mental illness (medical student version). Acta Psychiatr Scand 122:153–161PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Gabbidon J, Clement S, van Nieuwenhuizen A, Kassam A, Brohan E, Norman I, Thornicroft G (2013) Mental Illness Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA) scale-psychometric properties of a version for healthcare students and professionals. Psychiatry Res 206:81–87PubMedCrossRef Gabbidon J, Clement S, van Nieuwenhuizen A, Kassam A, Brohan E, Norman I, Thornicroft G (2013) Mental Illness Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA) scale-psychometric properties of a version for healthcare students and professionals. Psychiatry Res 206:81–87PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Livingston JD, Boyd JE (2010) Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 71:2150–2161PubMedCrossRef Livingston JD, Boyd JE (2010) Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 71:2150–2161PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Rüsch N, Corrigan P, Wassel A, Michaels P, Olschewski M, Wilkniss S, Batia K (2009) A stress-coping model of mental illness stigma I. Predictors of cognitive stress appraisal. Schizophr Res 110:59–64PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Rüsch N, Corrigan P, Wassel A, Michaels P, Olschewski M, Wilkniss S, Batia K (2009) A stress-coping model of mental illness stigma I. Predictors of cognitive stress appraisal. Schizophr Res 110:59–64PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones S, Howard L, Thornicroft G (2008) ‘Diagnostic overshadowing’: worse physical health care for people with mental illness. Acta Psychiatr Scand 118:169–171PubMedCrossRef Jones S, Howard L, Thornicroft G (2008) ‘Diagnostic overshadowing’: worse physical health care for people with mental illness. Acta Psychiatr Scand 118:169–171PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2009) Schizophrenia: core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary and secondary care. NICE, London National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2009) Schizophrenia: core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary and secondary care. NICE, London
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawrie SM, Martin K, McNeill G, Drife J, Chrystie P, Reid A, Wu P, Nammary S, Ball J (1998) General practitioners’ attitudes to psychiatric and medical illness. Psychol Med 28:1463–1467PubMedCrossRef Lawrie SM, Martin K, McNeill G, Drife J, Chrystie P, Reid A, Wu P, Nammary S, Ball J (1998) General practitioners’ attitudes to psychiatric and medical illness. Psychol Med 28:1463–1467PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison G, Hopper K, Craig T, Laska E, Siegel C, Wanderling J, Dube KC, Ganev K, Giel R, Van der Heiden W, Holmberg S, Janca K, Lee A, León PW, Malhotra CA, Marsella S, Nakane AJ, Sartorius N, Shen Y, Skoda Y, Thara C, Tsirkin R, Varma SJ, Walsh VK, Wiersma D (2001) Recovery from psychotic illness: a 15- and 25-year international follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry 178:506–517PubMedCrossRef Harrison G, Hopper K, Craig T, Laska E, Siegel C, Wanderling J, Dube KC, Ganev K, Giel R, Van der Heiden W, Holmberg S, Janca K, Lee A, León PW, Malhotra CA, Marsella S, Nakane AJ, Sartorius N, Shen Y, Skoda Y, Thara C, Tsirkin R, Varma SJ, Walsh VK, Wiersma D (2001) Recovery from psychotic illness: a 15- and 25-year international follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry 178:506–517PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Brohan E, Gauci D, Sartorius N, Thornicroft G (2011) Self-stigma, empowerment and perceived discrimination among people with bipolar disorder or depression in 13 European countries: the GAMIAN-Europe study. J Affect Disord 129:56–63PubMedCrossRef Brohan E, Gauci D, Sartorius N, Thornicroft G (2011) Self-stigma, empowerment and perceived discrimination among people with bipolar disorder or depression in 13 European countries: the GAMIAN-Europe study. J Affect Disord 129:56–63PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Uçok A, Brohan E, Rose D, Sartorius N, Leese M, Yoon CK, Plooy A, Ertekin BA, Milev R, Thornicroft G (2012) Anticipated discrimination among people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 125:77–83PubMedCrossRef Uçok A, Brohan E, Rose D, Sartorius N, Leese M, Yoon CK, Plooy A, Ertekin BA, Milev R, Thornicroft G (2012) Anticipated discrimination among people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 125:77–83PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Pinfold V, Huxley P, Thornicroft G, Farmer P, Toulmin H, Graham T (2003) Reducing psychiatric stigma and discrimination–evaluating an educational intervention with the police force in England. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 38:337–344PubMed Pinfold V, Huxley P, Thornicroft G, Farmer P, Toulmin H, Graham T (2003) Reducing psychiatric stigma and discrimination–evaluating an educational intervention with the police force in England. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 38:337–344PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Walter G (1998) The attitude of health professionals towards carers and individuals with mental illness. Australas Psychiatry 6:70–72CrossRef Walter G (1998) The attitude of health professionals towards carers and individuals with mental illness. Australas Psychiatry 6:70–72CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Corrigan P, Watson A, Ottati V (2003) From whence comes mental illness stigma? Int J Soc Psychiatry 49:142–157PubMedCrossRef Corrigan P, Watson A, Ottati V (2003) From whence comes mental illness stigma? Int J Soc Psychiatry 49:142–157PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Buszewicz M, Pistrang N, Barker C, Cape J, Martin J (2006) Patients’ experiences of GP consultations for psychological problems: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract 56:496–503PubMedCentralPubMed Buszewicz M, Pistrang N, Barker C, Cape J, Martin J (2006) Patients’ experiences of GP consultations for psychological problems: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract 56:496–503PubMedCentralPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Adriaensen K, Pieters G, De Lepeleire J (2011) Stigmatisation of psychiatric patients by general practitioners and medical students: a review of the literature. Tijdschr Psychiatr 53:885–894PubMed Adriaensen K, Pieters G, De Lepeleire J (2011) Stigmatisation of psychiatric patients by general practitioners and medical students: a review of the literature. Tijdschr Psychiatr 53:885–894PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawrie SM, Parsons C, Patrick J, Masson S, Sussmann J, Cumming D, Lewin J, Pickup S (1996) A controlled trial of general practitioners’ attitudes to patients with schizophrenia. Health Bull 54:201–203 Lawrie SM, Parsons C, Patrick J, Masson S, Sussmann J, Cumming D, Lewin J, Pickup S (1996) A controlled trial of general practitioners’ attitudes to patients with schizophrenia. Health Bull 54:201–203
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Oud MJT, Schuling J, Slooff CJ, Groenier KH, Dekker JH, Meyboom-de Jong B (2009) Care for patients with severe mental illness: the general practitioner’s role perspective. BMC Fam Pract 10:29PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Oud MJT, Schuling J, Slooff CJ, Groenier KH, Dekker JH, Meyboom-de Jong B (2009) Care for patients with severe mental illness: the general practitioner’s role perspective. BMC Fam Pract 10:29PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Rodgers B, Pollitt P (1997) Beliefs about the helpfulness of interventions for mental disorders: a comparison of general practitioners, psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 31:844–851PubMedCrossRef Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Rodgers B, Pollitt P (1997) Beliefs about the helpfulness of interventions for mental disorders: a comparison of general practitioners, psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 31:844–851PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Christensen H, Henderson S (1999) Attitudes towards people with a mental disorder: a survey of the Australian public and health professionals. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 33:77–83PubMedCrossRef Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Christensen H, Henderson S (1999) Attitudes towards people with a mental disorder: a survey of the Australian public and health professionals. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 33:77–83PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Reavley NJ, Mackinnon AJ, Morgan AJ, Jorm AF (2014) Stigmatising attitudes towards people with mental disorders: a comparison of Australian health professionals with the general community. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 48:433–441PubMedCrossRef Reavley NJ, Mackinnon AJ, Morgan AJ, Jorm AF (2014) Stigmatising attitudes towards people with mental disorders: a comparison of Australian health professionals with the general community. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 48:433–441PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat GGZ Nederland “Dutch Foundation for Mental Health in the Netherlands” (2010) Medewerkers@GGZ2009 “Emloyees 2009 in mental health care in the Netherlands”. GGZ Nederland 2010-363 GGZ Nederland “Dutch Foundation for Mental Health in the Netherlands” (2010) Medewerkers@GGZ2009 “Emloyees 2009 in mental health care in the Netherlands”. GGZ Nederland 2010-363
30.
Zurück zum Zitat van Boekel L, Brouwers EPM, van Weeghel J, Garretsen HFL (2013) Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 131:23–35PubMedCrossRef van Boekel L, Brouwers EPM, van Weeghel J, Garretsen HFL (2013) Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 131:23–35PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Stromwall L, Holley L, Bashor K (2011) Stigma in the mental health workplace: perceptions of peer employees and clinicians. Community Ment Health J 47:472–481PubMedCrossRef Stromwall L, Holley L, Bashor K (2011) Stigma in the mental health workplace: perceptions of peer employees and clinicians. Community Ment Health J 47:472–481PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Brohan E, Clement S, Rose D, Sartorius N, Slade M, Thornicroft G (2013) Development and psychometric evaluation of the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC). Psychiatry Res 208:33–40PubMedCrossRef Brohan E, Clement S, Rose D, Sartorius N, Slade M, Thornicroft G (2013) Development and psychometric evaluation of the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC). Psychiatry Res 208:33–40PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Bayar MR, Poyraz BC, Aksoy-Poyraz C, Arikan MK (2009) Reducing mental illness stigma in mental health professionals using a web-based approach. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 46:226–230PubMed Bayar MR, Poyraz BC, Aksoy-Poyraz C, Arikan MK (2009) Reducing mental illness stigma in mental health professionals using a web-based approach. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 46:226–230PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Lauber C, Nordt C, Braunschweig C, Rössler W (2006) Do mental health professionals stigmatize their patients? Acta Psychiatr Scand Supplementum:51–59 Lauber C, Nordt C, Braunschweig C, Rössler W (2006) Do mental health professionals stigmatize their patients? Acta Psychiatr Scand Supplementum:51–59
35.
Zurück zum Zitat West K, Hewstone M, Lolliot S (2014) Intergroup contact and prejudice against people with schizophrenia. J Soc Psychol 154:217–232PubMedCrossRef West K, Hewstone M, Lolliot S (2014) Intergroup contact and prejudice against people with schizophrenia. J Soc Psychol 154:217–232PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat De Graaf R, Ten Have M, Van Gool C, Van Dorsselaer S (2012) Prevalence of mental disorders, and trends from 1996 to 2009. Results from NEMESIS-2. Tijdschr Psychiatr 54:27–38PubMed De Graaf R, Ten Have M, Van Gool C, Van Dorsselaer S (2012) Prevalence of mental disorders, and trends from 1996 to 2009. Results from NEMESIS-2. Tijdschr Psychiatr 54:27–38PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Malhi GS, Parker GB, Parker K, Carr VJ, Kirkby KC, Yellowlees P, Boyce P, Tonge B (2003) Attitudes toward psychiatry among students entering medical school. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107:424–429PubMedCrossRef Malhi GS, Parker GB, Parker K, Carr VJ, Kirkby KC, Yellowlees P, Boyce P, Tonge B (2003) Attitudes toward psychiatry among students entering medical school. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107:424–429PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts L (2010) Stigma, hope, and challenge in psychiatry: trainee perspectives from five countries on four continents. Acad Psychiatry 34:1–4PubMedCrossRef Roberts L (2010) Stigma, hope, and challenge in psychiatry: trainee perspectives from five countries on four continents. Acad Psychiatry 34:1–4PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Short T, Thomas S, Mullen P, Ogloff JR (2013) Comparing violence in schizophrenia patients with and without comorbid substance-use disorders to community controls. Acta Psychiatr Scand 128:306–313PubMed Short T, Thomas S, Mullen P, Ogloff JR (2013) Comparing violence in schizophrenia patients with and without comorbid substance-use disorders to community controls. Acta Psychiatr Scand 128:306–313PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Large M, Smith G, Swinson N, Shaw J, Nielssen O (2008) Homicide due to mental disorder in England and Wales over 50 years. Br J Psychiatry 193:130–133PubMedCrossRef Large M, Smith G, Swinson N, Shaw J, Nielssen O (2008) Homicide due to mental disorder in England and Wales over 50 years. Br J Psychiatry 193:130–133PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Walsh E, Moran P, Scott C, McKenzie K, Burns T, Creed F, Tyrer P, Murray R, Fahy T (2003) Prevalence of violent victimisation in severe mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 183:233–238PubMedCrossRef Walsh E, Moran P, Scott C, McKenzie K, Burns T, Creed F, Tyrer P, Murray R, Fahy T (2003) Prevalence of violent victimisation in severe mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 183:233–238PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Clement S, Lassman F, Barley E, Evans-Lacko S, Williams P, Yamaguchi S, Slade M, Rusch N, Thornicroft G (2013) Mass media interventions for reducing mental health-related stigma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD009453PubMed Clement S, Lassman F, Barley E, Evans-Lacko S, Williams P, Yamaguchi S, Slade M, Rusch N, Thornicroft G (2013) Mass media interventions for reducing mental health-related stigma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD009453PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Henderson C, Corker E, Lewis-Holmes E, Hamilton S, Flach C, Rose D, Williams P, Pinfold V, Thornicroft G (2012) England’s time to change antistigma campaign: one-year outcomes of service user-rated experiences of discrimination. Psychiatr Serv 63:451–457PubMedCrossRef Henderson C, Corker E, Lewis-Holmes E, Hamilton S, Flach C, Rose D, Williams P, Pinfold V, Thornicroft G (2012) England’s time to change antistigma campaign: one-year outcomes of service user-rated experiences of discrimination. Psychiatr Serv 63:451–457PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans-Lacko S, Corker E, Williams MPH, Henderson C, Thornicroft G (2014) Effect of the Time to Change anti-stigma campaign on trends in mental-illness-related public stigma among the English population in 2003–13: an analysis of survey data. Lancet Psychiatry 1:121–128. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70243-3 CrossRef Evans-Lacko S, Corker E, Williams MPH, Henderson C, Thornicroft G (2014) Effect of the Time to Change anti-stigma campaign on trends in mental-illness-related public stigma among the English population in 2003–13: an analysis of survey data. Lancet Psychiatry 1:121–128. doi:10.​1016/​S2215-0366(14)70243-3 CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Griffiths KM, Carron-Arthur B, Parsons A, Reid R (2014) Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry 13:161–175PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Griffiths KM, Carron-Arthur B, Parsons A, Reid R (2014) Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry 13:161–175PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Differential stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare professionals towards psychiatry and patients with mental health problems: something to worry about? A pilot study
verfasst von
Laura M. Gras
Marte Swart
Cees J. Slooff
Jaap van Weeghel
Henderikus Knegtering
Stynke Castelein
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Ausgabe 2/2015
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0931-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2015

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.