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Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin

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01.10.2014 | Übersichten

Dysphagie-Management im Akut- und Langzeitverlauf bei kritisch kranken intensivpflichtigen Patienten

verfasst von: J. Zielske, S. Bohne, H. Axer, F.M. Brunkhorst, Prof. Dr. O. Guntinas-Lichius

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 7/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Eine Schluckstörung (Dysphagie) betrifft als Komplikation des Aufenthalts auf der Intensivstation mehr als die Hälfte der Patienten und trägt erheblich zu Morbidität und Mortalität bei. Risikofaktoren sind: neurologische Erkrankung, Alter >55–70 Jahre, Intubationsdauer >7 Tage und Sepsis. Bei steigenden Zahlen an Langzeitüberlebenden stellt die chronische Dysphagie ein zunehmendes Problem dar. Über den Einfluss spezifischer Krankheitsursachen auf die Entstehung einer Dysphagie, auch über den Einfluss einer Sepsis, liegen nur wenige Erkenntnisse vor. Dabei gibt es mit der fiberoptischen Schluckuntersuchung ein standardisiertes Instrument zur Abklärung, um eine Schluckstörung frühzeitig zu erkennen, umgehend mit dem Schlucktraining zu beginnen und so die Rate an chronischen Dysphagien zu senken. Bei chronischer Dysphagie erfolgt in der Nachsorge eine gestufte Schluckrehabilitation zur Restitution, Kompensation und Adaptation des Schluckvorgangs. Dies wird bislang in Deutschland nicht ausreichend genutzt. Insgesamt mangelt es an kontrollierten klinischen Untersuchungen, die spezifische Therapiekonzepte für ehemals kritisch kranke Patienten analysieren.

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Titel: Dysphagie-Management im Akut- und Langzeitverlauf bei kritisch kranken intensivpflichtigen Patienten
verfasst von: J. Zielske
S. Bohne
H. Axer
F.M. Brunkhorst
Prof. Dr. O. Guntinas-Lichius
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2014
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 7/2014
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-013-0217-3

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Dysphagie-Management im Akut- und Langzeitverlauf bei kritisch kranken intensivpflichtigen Patienten

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