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Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie 4/2017

16.12.2015 | Originalien

Einfluss der externen Beckenstabilisierung bei hämodynamisch instabilen Beckenfrakturen

verfasst von: Dr. E. Esmer, E. Esmer, P. Derst, M. Schulz, H. Siekmann, K.S. Delank, das TraumaRegister DGU®

Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie | Ausgabe 4/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Bei der Behandlung komplexer Beckenverletzungen steht die Blutungskontrolle im Vordergrund. Untersuchungen bzgl. der Blutungslokalisation sind jedoch sehr widersprüchlich, sodass unterschiedliche Behandlungskonzepte empfohlen werden. Die im Schockraum angelegte externe Beckenkompression soll v. a. das Beckenvolumen verkleinern und durch eine Selbsttamponade dem Blutverlust entgegenwirken. Welchen Einfluss die externe Beckenkompression auf die Letalität und das Outcome bei hämodynamisch instabilen Beckenverletzungen aufweist, soll anhand einer größeren Fallzahl untersucht werden.

Material und Methode

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden anhand des TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) 104 Datensätze über den Zeitraum von 2002 bis 2011 retrospektiv ausgewertet. Alle Verletzten erlitten eine Verletzungsschwere von mindestens 16 ISS-Punkten (Injury Severity Score). Des Weiteren befanden sich die Patienten in einer hämodynamisch instabilen Kreislaufsituation bei nachgewiesener relevanter Monoverletzung des Beckens. Zur Beurteilung der Effektivität der externen Beckenkompression wurden die Patienten mit und ohne externe Beckenstabilisierung miteinander verglichen.

Ergebnisse

Von den untersuchten Patienten erlagen 26,9 % ihren Verletzungen. Dabei betrug die Letalität in den ersten 6 h nach Aufnahme im Schockraum 78,8 %. Eine externe Beckenstabilisierung wurde bei 45,2 % der Patienten durchgeführt. In der Gruppe der Patienten mit externer Beckenstabilisierung verstarben 19,1 %. Dagegen lag die Sterblichkeit in der Gruppe der Patienten ohne externe Beckenstabilisierung bei 33,3 %. Im stationären Verlauf entwickelten die überlebenden Patienten mit externer Beckenstabilisierung deutlich häufiger eine Sepsis bzw. ein Multiorganversagen und waren länger intensivpflichtig.

Schlussfolgerung

Die externe Beckenstabilisierung scheint ein wesentliches Instrument der Initialbehandlung bei hämodynamisch instabilen Beckenfrakturen zu sein und zeigt eine positive Wirkung auf die Letalität der Verletzten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Einfluss der externen Beckenstabilisierung bei hämodynamisch instabilen Beckenfrakturen
verfasst von
Dr. E. Esmer
E. Esmer
P. Derst
M. Schulz
H. Siekmann
K.S. Delank
das TraumaRegister DGU®
Publikationsdatum
16.12.2015
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Unfallchirurgie / Ausgabe 4/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-7021
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-703X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-015-0119-3

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