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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 5/2015

01.05.2015 | Übersichten

Elektrokonvulsionstherapie zur Behandlung unipolar depressiver Störungen

verfasst von: Dr. D. Zilles, C. Wolff-Menzler, J. Wiltfang

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 5/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Depressive Störungen sind häufig und führen zu hohem individuellem Leiden sowie sozioökonomischen Kosten. Trotz verschiedener effektiver Therapieoptionen wird die Remission als Ziel der Behandlung oft nicht erreicht. Der Einsatz der Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) kann hier eine sinnvolle Option sein.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Arbeit stellt die aktuelle Evidenz zu Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit der EKT bei depressiven Störungen dar.

Material und Methoden

Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Metaanalysen, systematischen Reviews sowie Empfehlungen nationaler und internationaler Leitlinien durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

EKT stellt ein wirksames und für die meisten Patienten sicheres und gut verträgliches Verfahren zur Therapie depressiver Störungen dar. Auch bei Pharmakotherapieresistenz finden sich noch relativ hohe Remissionsraten. Für bestimmte Populationen scheint eine besonders gute Wirksamkeit zu bestehen. Im Gegensatz zur gut belegten Wirksamkeit der Akuttherapie fehlen weitgehend belastbare Daten zur Erhaltungstherapie. Unerwünschte Wirkungen, insbesondere kognitive Störungen, sind in der Regel nur kurzfristig vorhanden. Modifikationen in der Durchführung haben Auswirkungen auf die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit.

Diskussion

Mit der EKT steht ein bei korrekter Anwendung hochwirksames Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung depressiver Störungen zur Verfügung. Angesichts der Häufigkeit depressiver Störungen und einer vielfach nicht erreichten Remission wäre eine weitere Ausweitung der Verfügbarkeit und Anwendung der EKT genauso wünschenswert wie eine intensivierte, ggf. multizentrische Forschung zu den Wirkmechanismen und Responseprädiktoren der EKT.
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Metadaten
Titel
Elektrokonvulsionstherapie zur Behandlung unipolar depressiver Störungen
verfasst von
Dr. D. Zilles
C. Wolff-Menzler
J. Wiltfang
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4101-z

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