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Erschienen in: Der Internist 6/2015

01.06.2015 | Schwerpunkt

Gastroparese

Definition, Diagnostik und Therapie

verfasst von: Dr. U. von Arnim

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 6/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Die Gastroparese ist ein Syndrom, das in Abwesenheit einer mechanischen Obstruktion durch eine objektivierbar verzögerte Magenentleerung in Verbindung mit den Leitsymptomen Übelkeit, Erbrechen, vorzeitiges Sättigungsgefühl, Oberbauchschmerzen und Blähungen charakterisiert ist. Idiopathische Faktoren, Diabetes mellitus und postoperative Situationen stellen die häufigsten Ursachen dar. Drei diagnostische Methoden werden eingesetzt, um eine verzögerte Magenentleerung zu verifizieren und zu objektivieren: die Magenentleerungsszintigraphie als Goldstandard, die kabellose Motilitätskapsel und der 13C-Octanoat-Atemtest. Zu den Zielen der medikamentösen Therapie zählen die Normalisierung des Ernährungszustands, die Optimierung der Blutzuckereinstellung und die Symptomlinderung in Verbindung mit einer verbesserten Magenentleerung. Als Erstlinientherapie werden prokinetisch wirksame Substanzen verabreicht. Stehen Übelkeit und Erbrechen im Vordergrund, kommen antiemetisch wirksame Substanzen zur Anwendung. Eine Magenschrittmacherimplantation und operative Verfahren sind weitere therapeutische Alternativen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Gastroparese
Definition, Diagnostik und Therapie
verfasst von
Dr. U. von Arnim
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 6/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-014-3604-9

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