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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 3/2014

01.04.2014 | Leitthema

Gewebepenetration von Antibiotika

Erreicht die Behandlung den Zielort?

verfasst von: H. Lagler, Assoc. Prof. Priv. Doz. Dr. M. Zeitlinger

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 3/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Infektionen stellen bei kritisch kranken Patienten nach wie vor eine besondere Herausforderung für den behandelnden Arzt dar. Einer der Schlüsselfaktoren für therapeutischen Erfolg sind suffiziente Konzentrationen des eingesetzten Antibiotikums am Ort der Infektion. Zumeist ist dies der interstitielle Raum des betroffenen Organs oder ein Körperhohlraum, wesentlich seltener sind vitale Bakterien innerhalb von Körperzellen lokalisiert.

Material und Methoden

Verschiedene Methoden zur Bestimmung von Gewebekonzentrationen antimikrobieller Substanzen, darunter die Gewebebiopsie, die bronchoalveoläre Lavage und die Mikrodialyse, werden vorgestellt und die Implikationen für die Interpretation der gewonnen Daten besprochen. Exemplarisch werden Gewebekonzentrationen des hydrophilen β-Lactams Meropenem und des lipophilen Chinolons Levofloxacin gegenübergestellt und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse

Es zeigt sich, dass sowohl zwischen Plasma und Gewebe, gesunden Probanden und schwerkranken Patienten als auch zwischen den durch verschiedene Methoden im gleichen Organ erhobenen pharmakokinetischen Daten relevante Unterschiede bestehen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Eine kritische Interpretation der Daten, die von der Art des Erregers, der Lokalisation der Infektion sowie der zur Bestimmung der Gewebekonzentration eingesetzten Methodik abhängen muss, wird angeregt, um Wissen über die Pharmakokinetik einer Substanz im Gewebe optimal in der Behandlung schwerkranker Patienten einsetzen zu können.
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Metadaten
Titel
Gewebepenetration von Antibiotika
Erreicht die Behandlung den Zielort?
verfasst von
H. Lagler
Assoc. Prof. Priv. Doz. Dr. M. Zeitlinger
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 3/2014
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-013-0309-0

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