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Erschienen in: HNO 9/2015

01.09.2015 | CME

Impfungen in der Pneumologie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. H. M. Lode, R. Stahlmann

Erschienen in: HNO | Ausgabe 9/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Impfungen gehören zu den erfolgreichsten und kosteneffektivsten Maßnahmen in der Prävention von Infektionen. Wichtige Erreger von respiratorischen Infektionen (Influenzaviren, Pneumokokken) können durch Impfungen wirksam beeinflusst werden. Der saisonale tri- und neuerdings auch quadrivalente Influenzaimpfstoff besteht aus Antigenen von Influenzaviren der Typen A und B, die jährlich auf der Basis zirkulierender Virustypen neu zusammengestellt werden müssen. In höherem Alter werden Konjugatvakzine empfohlen. Die Schutzwirkung der Influenzaimpfung schwankt erheblich (zu kurzer Impfschutz, „mismatch“), weshalb eine möglichst späte Applikation (November/Dezember) sinnvoll ist. Zwei Pneumokokkenimpfstoffe werden für Erwachsene empfohlen: der über 30 Jahre alte 23-valente Polysaccharidimpfstoff (PPV23) und der neuere 13-valente Konjugatimpfstoff (PCV13). Die immunologische und klinische Effektivität von PPV23 ist umstritten, allenfalls wird von einer geringen Reduktion invasiver Infektionen ausgegangen. PCV13 ist wegen der T-Zell-Stimulation immunologisch wirksamer und hat kürzlich in einer überzeugenden Studie (CAPiTA) seine klinische Wirksamkeit bewiesen. Allerdings erfasst PCV13 zurzeit nur knapp die Hälfte der invasiven Pneumokokkenserotypen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Impfungen in der Pneumologie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. H. M. Lode
R. Stahlmann
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
HNO / Ausgabe 9/2015
Print ISSN: 0017-6192
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-015-0058-x

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