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Erschienen in: Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie 2/2015

01.06.2015 | Schwerpunkt

Implantierbarer Kardioverter-Defibrillator am Ende des Lebens

verfasst von: Prof. D. Pfeiffer, A. Hagendorff, C. Kühne, S. Reinhardt, N. Klein

Erschienen in: Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie | Ausgabe 2/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Am Lebensende kommt es regelhaft zu bradykarden oder tachykarden Arrhythmien. Implantierbare Kardioverter-Defibrillatoren (ICD) reagieren darauf mit antibradykardem oder antitachykarden Pacing, welches für den Sterbenden nicht mit Missempfindungen verbunden ist. Dagegen ist die Auslösung eines Schocks sehr schmerzhaft. Daher müssen Schocks in der Terminalphase abgeschaltet werden, wozu Hausärzte, Allgemeininternisten und Notärzte in aller Regel nicht in der Lage sind. Die Inaktivierung eines Defibrillators ist nach einem Urteil des Bundesgerichtshofs weder mit Euthanasie noch Sterbehilfe gleichzusetzen, sondern gestattet, dass der Patient in Frieden und ohne vermeidbare Schmerzen an seiner Grunderkrankung versterben kann. Die Inaktivierung der Schockalgorithmen sollte mit Patienten und Angehörigen daher frühzeitig, am besten bereits vor der Erstimplantation des Defibrillators, besprochen werden. Der konkrete Zeitpunkt einer Inaktivierung des Defibrillators am Lebensende ist eine Einzelfallentscheidung und bislang nicht präzise definiert. Notärzte sollten mit einem Magneten und der notwendigen Sachkenntnis ausgerüstet werden, um in der Terminalphase des Lebens den Defibrillator inaktivieren zu können. Der Wunsch des Patienten hat Priorität und sollte in einer Patientenverfügung rasch verfügbar sein. Der Arzt ist jedoch selbst nicht verpflichtet, jedem Wunsch des Patienten nachzukommen. Solange eine juristische Harmonisierung der Europäischen Union aussteht und keine einheitliche Gesetzgebung zu diesen Fragen enthält, sind Empfehlungen für Deutschland erforderlich.
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Metadaten
Titel
Implantierbarer Kardioverter-Defibrillator am Ende des Lebens
verfasst von
Prof. D. Pfeiffer
A. Hagendorff
C. Kühne
S. Reinhardt
N. Klein
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie / Ausgabe 2/2015
Print ISSN: 0938-7412
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1544
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-015-0366-6

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