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Erschienen in: Der Diabetologe 8/2015

01.12.2015 | Leitthema

Intensiver Ausdauersport bei Typ-1-Diabetes

verfasst von: M. Kraus, Dr. J. Latsch

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 8/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Intensiver Ausdauersport greift erheblich in die Glukosehomöostase ein. Dies wird vom Gesunden mit intakten Regulationsmechanismen problemlos toleriert. Trotz der nachgewiesenen positiven Effekte wird oft unterschätzt, dass intensive sportliche Aktivitäten bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 angesichts gestörter Anpassungsreaktionen gravierende metabolische Probleme induzieren können, sodass deren Diabetesmanagement eine interdisziplinäre therapeutische Herausforderung darstellt.

Therapie

Fein abgestufte Anpassungen sowohl der Insulintherapie als auch der Kohlenhydratzufuhr sind erforderlich, um v. a. hypoglykämische Stoffwechselentgleisungen zu vermeiden und gleichzeitig den gesundheitlichen Nutzen körperlicher Aktivitäten zu gewährleisten. Der Effekt des Ausdauersports auf die Glukosehomöostase wird sowohl durch die Belastungscharakteristika als auch die metabolische Ausgangslage beeinflusst. Empfehlungen verschiedener Fachgesellschaften und Arbeitsgruppen zu sportlicher Aktivität bei Typ-1-Diabetes basieren meist auf Untersuchungen mittels Fahrradergometrie und können für andere Sportarten im Hinblick auf die unterschiedlichen hämodynamischen und metabolischen Beanspruchungen allenfalls orientierenden Charakter haben.

Resümee

Um einen sicheren Umgang mit verschiedenartigen Ausdauersportaktivitäten bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes – insbesondere ab der 4. Lebensdekade – zu gewährleisten, bedarf es einer besonderen Fokussierung auf hypo- sowie hyperglykämische Stoffwechsellagen. Ziel ist es, einen aktiven Lebensstil langfristig zu fördern und zu unterstützen sowie potenzielle Risiken zu minimieren. Dies erfordert eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Patienten, Ärzten und Trainern/Bewegungstherapeuten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Intensiver Ausdauersport bei Typ-1-Diabetes
verfasst von
M. Kraus
Dr. J. Latsch
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 8/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-015-0037-6

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