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Erschienen in: Der Orthopäde 2/2016

01.02.2016 | Arthroskopie | Leitthema

Irreparable Rupturen der Rotatorenmanschette

Debridement, Partialrekonstruktion, Muskeltransfer oder inverse Schulterprothese

verfasst von: PD Dr. Th. Patzer, M. Hufeland, R. Krauspe

Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie | Ausgabe 2/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Die therapeutischen Optionen der irreparablen Rotatorenmanschetten(RM)-Ruptur sind fließend und hängen v. a. von Beschwerden und Anspruch der Patienten, aber auch vom Grad der sich entwickelnden RM-Defektarthropathie ab.
Bei guter glenohumeraler Gelenkzentrierung und wenn die fettige Degeneration der RM-Muskulatur noch nicht weiter als drittgradig fortgeschritten ist, ist eine Partialrekonstruktion mit suffizienter Tenolyse, ggf. kombiniert mit „interval slides“ zur Wiederherstellung des anterioren und posterioren Kräftepaars für die Gelenkzentrierung indiziert. Die Margin-convergence-Technik im Sinn einer Seit-zu-Seit-Adaptation der Sehnenschenkel kann hierbei die Last auf den refixierten Sehnen senken.
Die Rolle des durch eine RM-Retraktion kompromittierten N. suprascapularis und die konsekutive Therapie sind noch nicht geklärt. Bei eindeutiger klinischer Symptomatik kann eine arthroskopische Neurolyse sinnvoll sein.
Bei höhergradiger RM-Muskelatrophie von aktiven und kooperativen Patienten unter  65 Jahren ohne degenerative Veränderungen über Grad II nach Hamada mit Verlust der aktiven Außenrotation bei erhaltener aktiver Flexion ist eine Muskelersatzplastik sinnvoll. Für die posterosuperiore RM hat sich der M.-latissimus-dorsi- oder zunehmend auch der M.-teres-major-Transfer auf den RM-Footprint bewährt. Der partielle M.-pectoralis-major-Transfer ist als Ersatzplastik für nicht rekonstruierbare anterosuperiore Rupturen möglich.
Das vorsichtige subakromiale Debridement, eine Tenotomie der langen Bizepssehne und eine Tuberkuloplastik können überbrückend die Schmerzen lindern, jedoch ohne die Funktion zu beeinflussen, bevor mit dem Verlust der aktiven Elevation die Indikation zur Implantation einer inversen Schulter-TEP gegeben ist.
Beim subakromialen Debridement kann die Implantation eines resorbierbaren Spacers den Humeruskopf temporär rezentrieren; die Effektivität dieses Verfahrens auf das klinische Ergebnis muss jedoch in weiteren Studien untersucht werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Irreparable Rupturen der Rotatorenmanschette
Debridement, Partialrekonstruktion, Muskeltransfer oder inverse Schulterprothese
verfasst von
PD Dr. Th. Patzer
M. Hufeland
R. Krauspe
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Orthopädie / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7145
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-015-3204-y

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