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Erschienen in: Der Nephrologe 1/2013

01.01.2013 | Leitthema

Kalzimimetika

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. J. Floege, V.M. Brandenburg

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 1/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Der sekundäre Hyperparathyreoidismus (sHPT) stellt eine häufige Komplikation der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz („chronic kidney disease“, CKD) dar und trägt zur Entwicklung von kardiovaskulären und ossären Komplikationen bei. Mit der Einführung des Kalzimimetikums Cinacalcet in die klinische Routine haben sich die Therapieoptionen des sHPT erweitert, da neben der Aktivierung des Vitamin-D-Rezeptors (VDR) nun auch die Modulation der Empfindlichkeit des „Calcium-sensing“-Rezeptors (CaSR) therapeutisch zur Verfügung steht. Tierexperimentelle und klinische Studien haben gezeigt, dass Kalzimimetika zu einer effektiven Parathormon (PTH)-Senkung bei sHPT führen. Der Einsatz von Kalzimimetika führte bei Dialysepatienten zu einer besseren Einstellung innerhalb leitlinienkonformer Zielbereiche für Kalzium, Phosphat und PTH. Bei nicht dialysepflichtigen CKD-Patienten mit sHPT senken Kalzimimetika ebenfalls die erhöhten PTH-Werte, jedoch steigen die Serumphosphatwerte erwartungsgemäß an. Für Prädialysestadien ist Cinacalcet daher nicht zugelassen. Nach Nierentransplantation ist Cinacalcet bei Posttransplantations-HPT und -Hyperkalziämie ebenfalls wirksam, aber bisher noch nicht zugelassen und in seltenen Einzelfällen mit der Entwicklung einer Nephrokalzinose assoziiert. In der ADVANCE-Studie zeigten sich bei Dialysepatienten mit sHPT konsistente Trends zu einem geringeren kardiovaskulären Verkalkungsprogress unter Cinacalcet plus niedrig dosiertem Vitamin D versus höher dosiertem Vitamin D allein. Den Effekt von Cinacalcet auf die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität solcher Patienten testete die EVOLVE-Studie, die keinen signifikanten Benefit auf den primären Endpunkt in einer sog. „Intention-to-treat“-Analyse fand. In präspezifizierten Sekundärauswertungen wurde jedoch eine nominell signifikante 12- bis 15%ige Reduktion von Mortalität und kardiovaskulären Ereignissen im Cinacalcetarm beobachtet.
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Metadaten
Titel
Kalzimimetika
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. J. Floege
V.M. Brandenburg
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2013
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 1/2013
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-012-0652-9

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