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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 1/2013

01.01.2013 | Leitthema

Konzepte, Wirksamkeit und Perspektiven pandemischer und nichtpandemischer Influenzaimpfungen

verfasst von: Dr. S. Grund, O. Wichmann, T. Mertens, H. Hengel

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 1/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Im Jahr 2009 waren zum ersten Mal die Voraussetzungen dafür gegeben, den Verlauf einer Influenzapandemie durch die rechtzeitige Herstellung von Impfstoffen zu beeinflussen. Anders als bei der saisonalen Influenzaimpfung, die auf eine erneute Stimulierung und Erweiterung einer vorbestehenden Immunität zielt, muss ein pandemischer Impfstoff bei immunologisch „naiven“ Individuen immunogen und protektiv sein und zudem mit hoher Produktionsgeschwindigkeit hergestellt werden können. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden Konzepte für saisonale und pandemische Influenzaimpfstoffe vorgestellt, und es werden ihre Immunogenität und klinische Wirksamkeit diskutiert. In näherer Zukunft wird die saisonale Influenzaimpfung weiterhin auf inaktivierten Spalt- und Untereinheitenimpfstoffen oder auf dem kälteadaptierten Lebendimpfstoff beruhen. Die im Jahr 2009 eingesetzten pandemischen Impfstoffe gegen das Influenzavirus A (H1N1) 2009 wiesen eine bessere Immunogenität auf als anhand präpandemischer Impfstudien erwartet worden war, jedoch muss der zukünftige Einsatz von AS03-adjuvantierten Impfstoffen aufgrund der eingetretenen Nebenwirkungen infrage gestellt werden. Die bisher vorhandenen saisonalen und pandemischen Influenzaimpfstoffe erfüllen aufgrund der Notwendigkeit, sie regelmäßig anzupassen, und wegen ihrer reduzierten Wirksamkeit in vulnerablen Zielgruppen noch nicht die Kriterien für eine optimale Vakzine. Sie stellen aber wichtige Zwischenlösungen auf dem Weg zu besseren Impfstoffen der Zukunft dar.
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Zurück zum Zitat Du L, Zhou Y, Jiang S (2010) Research and development of universal influenza vaccines. Microbes Infection/Institut Pasteur 12:280–286 Du L, Zhou Y, Jiang S (2010) Research and development of universal influenza vaccines. Microbes Infection/Institut Pasteur 12:280–286
Metadaten
Titel
Konzepte, Wirksamkeit und Perspektiven pandemischer und nichtpandemischer Influenzaimpfungen
verfasst von
Dr. S. Grund
O. Wichmann
T. Mertens
H. Hengel
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-012-1590-4

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