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Erschienen in: Der Hautarzt 6/2015

01.06.2015 | Dermatologische Diagnostik | CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Kutane Malassezia-Infektionen und Malassezia-assoziierte Dermatosen

Ein Update

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. P. Nenoff, C. Krüger, P. Mayser

Erschienen in: Die Dermatologie | Ausgabe 6/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Der lipophile Spross- oder Hefepilz Malassezia (M.) spp. ist als einziger Pilz Bestandteil der physiologischen residenten menschlichen Hautflora. Heute sind mindestens 14 verschiedene Malassezia-Arten bekannt, die meisten davon lassen sich nur mittels molekularbiologischer Methoden identifizieren. Als fakultativ pathogener Mikroorganismus kann Malassezia jedoch auch Erreger von superfiziellen kutanen Infektionen sowie von Blutstrominfektionen sein. Die Pityriasis versicolor ist die wohl häufigste durch Malassezia verursachte Infektion. Seltener ist die Malassezia-Follikulitis. Nur episodisch wurde über Malassezia-verursachte Onychomykosen berichtet. Das seborrhoische Ekzem stellt eine Malassezia-assoziierte entzündliche Dermatose dar. Malassezia-Allergene werden als Trigger der „Head-Neck-Form“ der Neurodermitis angesehen. Ketoconazol hat in vitro die stärkste Aktivität gegenüber Malassezia und ist das Mittel der Wahl für die topische Therapie der Pityriasis versicolor. Alternativen sind weitere Azole, aber auch das Allylamin Terbinafin und das Hydroxypyridon Ciclopiroxolamin. Die „antiseborrhoischen“ Substanzen Pyrithion-Zink, Selendisulfid, jedoch auch Salicylsäure sind ebenfalls wirksam. Mittel der Wahl zur systemischen Behandlung der Pityriasis versicolor ist Itraconazol, eine wirksame Alternative stellt Fluconazol dar. Das seborrhoische Ekzem ist eine Domäne der Lokaltherapie, neben topischen Glukokortikoiden werden Antimykotika wie Ketoconazol, jedoch auch Sertaconazol eingesetzt. Im Off-label-Use haben sich Calcineurininhibitoren wie Pimecrolimus und Tacrolimus beim seborrhoischen Ekzem bewährt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Kutane Malassezia-Infektionen und Malassezia-assoziierte Dermatosen
Ein Update
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. P. Nenoff
C. Krüger
P. Mayser
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Dermatologie / Ausgabe 6/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7005
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7013
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-015-3631-z

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