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06.08.2015 | Übersicht

Markerallergene und Panallergene bei Baum- und Gräserpollenallergie

Teil 17 der Serie Molekulare Allergologie

verfasst von: Dr. Katharina Gangl, Verena Niederberger, Rudolf Valenta, Andreas Nandy

Erschienen in: Allergo Journal | Ausgabe 5/2015

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Abstract

Die molekulare Allergiediagnostik (komponentenaufgelöste Diagnostik, „component resolved diagnostic“, CRD) erlaubt bei Verdacht auf Gräser- und Baumpollenallergie die Identifikation der verantwortlichen Allergenquelle durch den Nachweis von spezifischem IgE. Insbesondere kann mit geeigneten Markerallergenen eine echte Sensibilisierung gegen Baum- oder Gräserpollen von der Kreuzreaktivität durch Pollenpanallergene (Profilin und Polcalcine) unterschieden und die fehlende analytische Spezifität von Allergenextrakten überwunden werden. Vor allem bei scheinbar polysensibilisierten Patienten mit Reaktionen auf zahlreiche Pollenextrakte ermöglicht die CRD somit eine allergenspezifische Diagnose unabhängig von den Panallergenen sowie eine fundierte Entscheidung für oder gegen eine spezifische Immuntherapie und ihre Zusammensetzung.

In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden jene Allergene näher beschrieben, die eine eindeutige Sensibilisierung widerspiegeln und daher als Markerallergene für Baum- und Gräserpollenallergie gelten: Bet v 1 (Birkenpollenmajorallergen) für Birken- und Buchengewächse; Ole e 1 (Olivenpollenmajorallergen) für Ölbaumgewächse inklusive Esche; Pla a 1 (Majorallergen der ahornblättrigen Platane) für Platanengewächse; Cry j 1 (Majorallergen der japanischen Zeder)/Cup a 1 (Majorallergen der Arizona-Zypresse) für Zypressengewächse und Phl p 1 und 5 (Lieschgrasmajorallergene) für die Süßgräser inklusive Roggen. Schließlich werden jene Allergene in Gräser- und Baumpollen benannt, die wegen potenzieller serologischer und klinischer Kreuzreaktivität gegenüber einer Vielzahl von Allergenquellen die allergenspezifische Diagnostik mit Extrakten erschweren. Ein Fazit für den klinischen Alltag bietet die Grundlage für ein strukturiertes diagnostisches Vorgehen.

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Titel: Markerallergene und Panallergene bei Baum- und Gräserpollenallergie
Teil 17 der Serie Molekulare Allergologie
verfasst von: Dr. Katharina Gangl
Verena Niederberger
Rudolf Valenta
Andreas Nandy
Publikationsdatum: 06.08.2015
Verlag: Urban & Vogel
Erschienen in: Allergo Journal / Ausgabe 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0941-8849
Elektronische ISSN: 2195-6405
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-015-0872-1

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Markerallergene und Panallergene bei Baum- und Gräserpollenallergie

Teil 17 der Serie Molekulare Allergologie

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