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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 6/2012

01.11.2012 | Schwerpunkt

Mastozytosen und myeloische Neoplasien mit Eosinophilie

Diagnostik und Klassifikation

verfasst von: K. Sotlar, P. Valent, Prof. Dr. H.-P. Horny

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 6/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Mastozytosen und myeloische Neoplasien mit Eosinophilie sind seltene Erkrankungen des Knochenmarks und daher oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung für den Hämatopathologen. Bei den Mastozytosen stellen kompakte Mastzellinfiltrate das diagnostische Hauptkriterium dar, bei den myeloischen Neoplasien mit Eosinophilie beherrschen eosinophile Granulozyten das histologische Bild. Beide Gruppen enthalten phänotypisch und prognostisch ganz unterschiedliche Entitäten, die jeweils durch WHO-Kriterien definiert sind. Bei systemischen Mastozytosen (SM) ist die Unterscheidung zwischen indolenten und aggressiven oder gar leukämischen Verlaufsformen von hoher prognostischer Bedeutung. Vorwiegend bei indolenten Varianten der SM wird eine lokale und/oder systemische, meist reaktive Vermehrung von eosinophilen Granulozyten beobachtet (SM-eo). Dagegen ist eine Vermehrung neoplastisch-klonaler Eosinophiler häufig bei fortgeschrittener SM, vorwiegend bei Erkrankungen aus der Gruppe der SM-AHNMD (SM mit assoziierter nichtmastozytärer hämatologischer Neoplasie) zu beobachten, z. B. bei einer SM-CEL (chronische Eosinophilenleukämie). Außerhalb der Mastozytosen sind immunphänotypisch aberrante Gewebsmastzellen nur bei bestimmten seltenen Formen myeloischer Neoplasien mit Eosinophilie, vor allem bei myeloproliferativen Neoplasien (MLN-eo) mit zytogenetischen Anomalien im PDGFR („platelet-derived growth factor receptor“) zu beobachten. Die WHO-Klassifikation der Eosinophilenleukämien wird den morphologischen und klinischen Erfordernissen allerdings nur bedingt gerecht und bedarf einer Überarbeitung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Mastozytosen und myeloische Neoplasien mit Eosinophilie
Diagnostik und Klassifikation
verfasst von
K. Sotlar
P. Valent
Prof. Dr. H.-P. Horny
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 6/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-012-1654-0

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