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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 5/2016

01.02.2016 | Magnetresonanztomografie | Leitthema

Meningeosis lymphomatosa

Diagnostik und Therapie

verfasst von: Dr.med. R. Stuhlmann, M. Karthaus

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 5/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Meningeosis lymphomatosa ist ein meist fatales Ereignis. Eine gezielte Diagnostik ist erforderlich, um eine optimale Therapie einleiten und die Prognose der Patienten verbessern zu können. Zu unterscheiden sind die sekundäre ZNS-Beteiligung (ZNS: Zentralnervensystem) im Krankheitsverlauf sowie das primär simultane Auftreten eines zentralen und peripheren Lymphoms bei der Erstdiagnose.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Inzidenz, die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten bei Meningeosis lymphomatosa sollen dargestellt werden.

Material und Methoden

Die wissenschaftliche Literatur zur Inzidenz, Diagnostik und Therapie bei Meningeosis lymphomatosa wurde analysiert.

Ergebnisse

Neben Lymphomen mit bekanntem besonders hohem Risiko für eine ZNS-Beteiligung, wie dem Burkitt- oder dem lymphoblastischen Lymphom, ist v. a. beim diffusen großzelligen Lymphom mit einem ZNS-Befall zu rechnen. Die Untersuchungen der letzten Jahre ergaben Risikofaktoren hierfür [ECOG („Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group“), IPI („international prognostic index“), > 1 E-Befall (Extranodalbefall), LDH (Laktatdehydrogenase) sowie E-Befall der Nieren]. Liquorzytologie, Durchflusszytometrie und Magnetresonanztomografie verbessern die Möglichkeit einer frühzeitigen Diagnose. Die autologe Stammzelltransplantation erscheint therapeutisch vielversprechend.

Diskussion/Ausblick

Die Durchflusszytometrie von Liquor verbessert die Sensitivität der Liquordiagnostik bei Lymphomen. Die Wertigkeit des asymptomatischen Nachweises von NHL-Zellen (NHL: Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom) im Liquor sowie die optimale ZNS-Prophylaxe bei Hochrisiko-DLBCL-Patienten (DLBCL: diffuses großzelliges B-Zell-Lymphom) müssen ebenso wie erste kurative Ansätze zur Behandlung der sekundären Meningeosis lymphomatosa weiter geprüft werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Meningeosis lymphomatosa
Diagnostik und Therapie
verfasst von
Dr.med. R. Stuhlmann
M. Karthaus
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2016

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