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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 12/2015

01.12.2015 | Leitthema

Navigierte transkranielle Magnetstimulation für präoperatives Mapping eloquenter Kortexareale

Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for preoperative mapping of the eloquent cortex

verfasst von: Dr. T. Picht

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 12/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Hirntumoroperationen in funktionell relevanten Arealen (eloquenter Kortex) stellen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Das präoperative funktionelle Mapping mit der navigierten transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (nTMS) wurde im Jahr 2009 in die präoperative Routinediagnostik eingeführt und hat seitdem zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen.

Fragestellung

Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit des Motor- und Sprachmappings mittels nTMS und Darstellung der klinischen Relevanz.

Material und Methode

Auswertung der publizierten Arbeiten und Diskussion der Ergebnisse.

Ergebnisse

Für das motorische TMS-Mapping gilt, dass sowohl TMS-positive (motorische Antworten werden ausgelöst) als auch -negative kortikale Punkte für die Operationsplanung und die intraoperative Entscheidungsfindung herangezogen werden können. TMS-positive Sprachmappingpunkte (Störungen der Sprachfunktion werden ausgelöst) können zur Operationsplanung beitragen, sollten zurzeit aber noch intraoperativ mittels direkter elektrischer Stimulation überprüft werden. Negatives TMS-Sprachmapping (Sprachfunktionen werden durch die Stimulation nicht gestört) korreliert gut mit dem Goldstandard der intraoperativen Testung. Aktuelle Studien weisen eine Verbesserung des chirurgischen Behandlungsergebnisses nach präoperativer TMS-Diagnostik nach.

Schlussfolgerung

Patienten mit Hirntumoren in eloquenten Arealen sollten vor einer möglichen Operation basierend auf zuverlässigen funktionellen Mappingdaten beraten werden. Die TMS stellt eine valide nichtinvasive Methode zur Erstellung der notwendigen funktionellen Kartographien dar.
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Metadaten
Titel
Navigierte transkranielle Magnetstimulation für präoperatives Mapping eloquenter Kortexareale
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for preoperative mapping of the eloquent cortex
verfasst von
Dr. T. Picht
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 12/2015
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-015-4316-7

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