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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 2/2016

01.02.2016 | CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Neuroanästhesie

verfasst von: Univ.-Prof. Dr. K. Engelhard

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 2/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Die anästhesiologischen Herausforderungen während einer Kraniotomie ergeben sich aus der anatomisch bedingten geringen Kompensationsfähigkeit des intrakraniellen Raums gegenüber einer Volumenzunahme und der minimalen Ischämietoleranz des Gehirns. Die verwendeten Anästhetika sollten den intrakraniellen Druck nicht erhöhen und die Ischämietoleranz verbessern. Ein akuter lebensbedrohlicher Anstieg des intrakraniellen Drucks kann kurzzeitig durch Hyperventilation gesenkt werden, bevor Maßnahmen wie Osmotherapie und Gabe von Injektionsanästhetika greifen. Perioperativ sollte durch Volumentherapie, Beatmungsoptimierung, engmaschige Überwachung von arteriellem Blutdruck, Plasmaglucosekonzentration und Körperkerntemperatur die Homöostase des Patienten gewährleistet werden (6 Ns). Die optimale Anästhesieführung bedarf der exakten Kenntnis der Operation und deren potenzieller Komplikationen. Postoperativ ist eine zeitnahe Extubation anzustreben, um die kognitive Funktion engmaschig überwachen zu können.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neuroanästhesie
verfasst von
Univ.-Prof. Dr. K. Engelhard
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-015-0121-8

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