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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 3/2015

01.03.2015 | Übersichten

Neurobiologie der Schizophrenie

Aktuelle Befunde von der Struktur zu den Molekülen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. A. Schmitt, B. Malchow, D. Keeser, P. Falkai, A. Hasan

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 3/2015

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Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahren führte die Entwicklung von verbesserten Methoden in Bildgebung, Molekularbiologie und Genetik zu neuen Erkenntnissen der Neurobiologie der Schizophrenie. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die aktuellen Befunde zusammengefasst und ihre Bedeutung für die Erkenntnisse der Pathophysiologie der Erkrankung diskutiert. So können neue Magnetresonanztomographie(MRT)-basierte Methoden kleinere Strukturen wie Subregionen des Hippocampus erfassen und erlauben in multimodalen Ansätzen strukturelle sowie funktionelle Konnektivitätsanalysen. Korrelationen von strukturellen Defiziten mit spektroskopisch ermittelten Daten zu glutamaterger und GABAerger Funktion führen zu neuen Erkenntnissen über die Glutamathypothese der Schizophrenie. Dabei wird auch der Zusammenhang von Befunden aus der Bildgebung mit Symptomdimensionen und kognitiven Defiziten deutlicher. Genauere Analysen von Gruppen verändert exprimierter Gene sind durch genomweite Mikroarray-Untersuchungen möglich und werden mithilfe der Anwendung von „next generation sequencing“ (NGS) und der Entwicklung pluripotenter Stammzellen neue Erkenntnisse erlauben. Anhand genomweiter Assoziationsstudien konnte eine Vielzahl neuer Risikogene mit jeweils kleinem Effekt entdeckt werden. Die Herausforderungen der nächsten Zeit liegen in der Identifizierung ihrer biologischen Funktionen und ihrer Einflüsse auf neuroplastische Vorgänge, Gehirnstruktur und Funktion. Daraus dürften sich innovative, risikobasierte Therapiestrategien entwickeln lassen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neurobiologie der Schizophrenie
Aktuelle Befunde von der Struktur zu den Molekülen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. A. Schmitt
B. Malchow
D. Keeser
P. Falkai
A. Hasan
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4115-6

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