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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 6/2012

01.11.2012 | Schwerpunkt

Normales Knochenmark und häufige reaktive Veränderungen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. A. Tzankov, S. Dirnhofer, C. Beham-Schmid

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 6/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Die histologische Knochenmarkuntersuchung spielt, wegen ihrer großen Aussagekraft bei relativ geringem Aufwand eine bedeutende Rolle in der Diagnostik von hämatologischen und nichthämatologischen Erkrankungen. Dafür ist die Kenntnis des normalen Knochenmarks mit seiner individuellen, insbesondere altersabhängigen, Variabilität, unentbehrlich. Neben entnahmebedingten Artefakten, die falsch interpretiert werden können, oder suboptimal fixierten bzw. verarbeiteten Biopsien, die diagnostisch überbewertet werden, gibt es eine Vielfalt von reaktiven Knochenmarkveränderungen, die einen neoplastischen Prozess vortäuschen und zu schwerwiegenden diagnostischen Fehlern führen können. Bei derartigen nichtneoplastischen Veränderungen können ein oder auch mehrere Kompartimente der Hämatopoiese qualitativ und quantitativ betroffen sein. Es kann zu Verteilungs- bzw. Architekturstörungen und/oder zu Veränderungen des Knochenmarkstromas kommen. Eine optimale Knochenmarkdiagnostik erfordert, neben Spezialfärbungen, zusätzlich oftmals immunhistochemische Untersuchungen und manchmal molekularpathologische Analysen. Mehr als bei anderen Organbiopsien ist die Kenntnis klinischer Befunde, insbesondere vorangegangener Therapien, relevant, um eine korrekte Diagnose zu stellen. In diesem Beitrag sind neben dem normalen Knochenmark die häufigsten reaktiven Veränderungen dargestellt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Normales Knochenmark und häufige reaktive Veränderungen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. A. Tzankov
S. Dirnhofer
C. Beham-Schmid
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 6/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-012-1649-x

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