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Erschienen in: Psychotherapeut 5/2015

01.09.2015 | Übersicht

Optimierung expositionsbasierter Therapie

Ein Ansatz des inhibitorischen Lernens

verfasst von: Dr. Andre Pittig, Dipl.-Psych, Stephan Stevens, Bram Vervliet, Michael Treanor, Christopher C. Conway, Tomislav Zbozinek, Michelle G. Craske

Erschienen in: Die Psychotherapie | Ausgabe 5/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Exposition ist eine wirksame Behandlung bei Angststörungen, jedoch zeigt eine substanzielle Anzahl von Klienten keine signifikante Symptomreduktion oder ein Wiederkehren der Angst. Es wird angenommen, dass ängstliche Personen Defizite in grundlegenden Mechanismen der Expositionstherapie, wie dem inhibitorischen Lernen, aufweisen. Ein gezieltes Ansprechen dieser Defizite könnte demnach die Wirksamkeit von Exposition optimieren. Allerdings fehlen bisher Vorschläge zur konkreten Umsetzung in der Praxis. Dieser Beitrag verdeutlicht anhand verschiedener Strategien, wie das Modell zur Optimierung der Behandlung von Angststörungen praktisch umsetzbar ist. Die vorgeschlagenen Strategien unterscheiden sich hierbei von einem reinen habituationsbasierten Ansatz oder kognitiven Ansätzen zur Widerlegung von Überzeugungen. Die Strategien umfassen: 1) das Widerlegen angstbezogener Erwartungen, 2) vertiefte Extinktion, 3) Extinktion mit gelegentlicher Verstärkung, 4) Entfernen von Sicherheitssignalen, 5) Variabilität, 6) Erinnerungsreize, 7) multiple Kontexte und 8) affektives Labeling. Durch Fallbeispiele wird die Anwendung dieser Strategien bei verschiedenen Angststörungen illustriert.
Fußnoten
1
Es sollte betont werden, dass in einer neuen Metaanalyse zur Ablenkung während der Exposition bei spezifischen Phobien eine Exposition ohne Instruktionen bessere Effekte auf Verhaltensebene erzielte als Exposition mit Ablenkung. Jedoch zeigte unter spezifischen Bedingungen von interaktiver Ablenkung und wiederholten Expositionsdurchgängen Exposition mit Ablenkung bessere verhaltens- und Angstergebnisse im Vergleich zu fokussierter Exposition.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Optimierung expositionsbasierter Therapie
Ein Ansatz des inhibitorischen Lernens
verfasst von
Dr. Andre Pittig, Dipl.-Psych
Stephan Stevens
Bram Vervliet
Michael Treanor
Christopher C. Conway
Tomislav Zbozinek
Michelle G. Craske
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Psychotherapie / Ausgabe 5/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7161
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-717X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-015-0042-7

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