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Erschienen in: Der Hautarzt 8/2015

01.08.2015 | Leitthema

Pemphigus

Modellerkrankung für zielgerichtete Therapien

verfasst von: PD Dr. R. Eming

Erschienen in: Die Dermatologie | Ausgabe 8/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Pemphigus ist eine schwere bullöse Autoimmundermatose, deren Behandlung trotz hoch dosierter immunsuppressiver Therapieverfahren aufgrund der iatrogenen Komorbiditäten und der mangelnden langfristigen Wirksamkeit eine klinische Herausforderung darstellt.

Fragestellung

Welche zielgerichteten Therapieverfahren werden beim Pemphigus bereits eingesetzt und welche innovativen Therapiestrategien befinden sich in der Entwicklung?

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgten eine Literaturrecherche in PubMed unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Leitlinie zur Therapie des Pemphigus und eigener Untersuchungen sowie eine Diskussion von Grundlagenarbeiten und Einbeziehung von neuen zielgerichteten Therapien bei Autoantikörper-vermittelten Autoimmunerkrankungen.

Ergebnisse

Immunapherese und hoch dosierte intravenöse Immunglobuline, die auf eine Reduktion von zirkulierenden Autoantikörpern ausgerichtet sind, werden bereits erfolgreich in der Behandlung des Pemphigus eingesetzt. Die Depletion von autoreaktiven B-Lymphozyten ist die Rationale für den Einsatz des monoklonalen Anti-CD20-Antikörpers Rituximab, der in klinischen Studien zu lang anhaltenden klinischen Remissionen beim Pemphigus geführt hat. Aktuelle Entwicklungen beinhalten die Prüfung humanisierter B-Zell-depletierender Antikörper bei anderen B-Zell-vermittelten Autoimmunerkrankungen und die Identifizierung von neuen zellulären und molekularen Zielstrukturen, die essenziell für die humorale Autoimmunantwort sind bzw. wichtige immunregulatorische Funktionen ausüben.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die grundlegend gut definierte Pathogenese des Pemphigus resultiert in zielgerichteten Therapieansätzen. Derzeit werden bereits Verfahren eingesetzt, die auf eine rasche Reduktion von zirkulierenden Autoantikörpern bzw. auf eine Depletion von autoreaktiven B-Zellen abzielen. Weitere zelluläre und molekulare Zielstrukturen werden in anderen Autoantikörper-vermittelten Autoimmunerkrankungen untersucht und stellen vielversprechende Kandidaten für innovative, pathogenesebasierte Therapiestrategien beim Pemphigus dar.
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Metadaten
Titel
Pemphigus
Modellerkrankung für zielgerichtete Therapien
verfasst von
PD Dr. R. Eming
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Dermatologie / Ausgabe 8/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7005
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7013
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-015-3656-3

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