Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Kardiologe 2/2013

01.04.2013 | Interventionelle Kardiologie

Perkutaner Vorhofohrverschluss

Alternative zur Antikoagulation bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern

verfasst von: Dr. N.A. Geis, H.A. Katus, Prof. Dr. S.E. Hardt

Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie | Ausgabe 2/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Vorhofflimmern (VHF) ist die häufigste Herzrhythmusstörung und betrifft bis zu 10–15 % der über 80-Jährigen. Eine orale Antikoagulation (OAK) zur Prophylaxe von Vorhofthromben und einer Embolie kardialen Ursprungs, die etwa 20–30 % aller Schlaganfälle bedingt, ist bei den meisten Patienten mit VHF erforderlich. Dadurch kann zwar eine deutliche Risikoreduktion für Schlaganfälle erreicht werden, allerdings ist eine OAK mit einem erhöhten Blutungsrisiko verbunden. Viele Patienten mit VHF erhalten aufgrund stattgehabter Blutungskomplikationen oder eines erhöhten Blutungsrisikos keine OAK. Da sich über 90 % aller Thromben bei nichtvalvulärem VHF im linken Vorhofohr (LAA) bilden, ist der perkutane Verschluss des LAA ein alternatives Konzept zur Prävention einer Kardioembolie bei VHF. Aktuell sind die verbreitetsten LAA-Verschlusssysteme das WATCHMAN-Device und der Amplatzer Cardiac Plug. Die bisherige Datenlage deutet darauf hin, dass der Verschluss des LAA einer OAK gleichwertig ist. Zudem ist mit steigender Interventionserfahrung der Verschluss des LAA sehr komplikationsarm. Daher wird dieser Eingriff in den aktuellen Leitlinien der ESC insbesondere für Patienten mit hohem Schlaganfallrisiko und Kontraindikation für eine OAK als valide Therapiealternative empfohlen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bayard YL, Omran H, Neuzil P et al (2010) PLAATO (Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion) for prevention of cardioembolic stroke in non-anticoagulation eligible atrial fibrillation patients: results from the European PLAATO study. EuroIntervention 6:220–226PubMedCrossRef Bayard YL, Omran H, Neuzil P et al (2010) PLAATO (Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion) for prevention of cardioembolic stroke in non-anticoagulation eligible atrial fibrillation patients: results from the European PLAATO study. EuroIntervention 6:220–226PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Blackshear JL, Odell JA (1996) Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 61:755–759PubMedCrossRef Blackshear JL, Odell JA (1996) Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 61:755–759PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Block PC, Burstein S, Casale PN et al (2009) Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for patients in atrial fibrillation suboptimal for warfarin therapy: 5-year results of the PLAATO (Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion) study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2:594–600PubMedCrossRef Block PC, Burstein S, Casale PN et al (2009) Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for patients in atrial fibrillation suboptimal for warfarin therapy: 5-year results of the PLAATO (Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion) study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2:594–600PubMedCrossRef
4.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY et al (2010) Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the task force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 31:2369–2429PubMedCrossRef Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY et al (2010) Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the task force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 31:2369–2429PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Camm AJ, Lip GY, DE Caterina R et al (2012) 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 33:2719–2747PubMedCrossRef Camm AJ, Lip GY, DE Caterina R et al (2012) 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 33:2719–2747PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Chatterjee S, Alexander JC, Pearson PJ et al (2011) Left atrial appendage occlusion: lessons learned from surgical and transcatheter experiences. Ann Thorac Surg 92:2283–2292PubMedCrossRef Chatterjee S, Alexander JC, Pearson PJ et al (2011) Left atrial appendage occlusion: lessons learned from surgical and transcatheter experiences. Ann Thorac Surg 92:2283–2292PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S et al (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361:1139–1151PubMedCrossRef Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S et al (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361:1139–1151PubMedCrossRef
9.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox JL, Ad N, Palazzo T (1999) Impact of the maze procedure on the stroke rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 118:833–840PubMedCrossRef Cox JL, Ad N, Palazzo T (1999) Impact of the maze procedure on the stroke rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 118:833–840PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat EL-Chami MF, Grow P, Eilen D et al (2007) Clinical outcomes three years after PLAATO implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 69:704–707PubMedCrossRef EL-Chami MF, Grow P, Eilen D et al (2007) Clinical outcomes three years after PLAATO implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 69:704–707PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W et al (2001) Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 285:2864–2870PubMedCrossRef Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W et al (2001) Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 285:2864–2870PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Glader EL, Sjolander M, Eriksson M et al (2010) Persistent use of secondary preventive drugs declines rapidly during the first 2 years after stroke. Stroke 41:397–401PubMedCrossRef Glader EL, Sjolander M, Eriksson M et al (2010) Persistent use of secondary preventive drugs declines rapidly during the first 2 years after stroke. Stroke 41:397–401PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA et al (2001) Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA 285:2370–2375PubMedCrossRef Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA et al (2001) Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA 285:2370–2375PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG et al (2009) Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 374:534–542PubMedCrossRef Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG et al (2009) Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 374:534–542PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Khattab AA, Meier B (2010) Transcatheter devices for left atrial appendage occlusion. Cardiovasc Med 13:130–134 Khattab AA, Meier B (2010) Transcatheter devices for left atrial appendage occlusion. Cardiovasc Med 13:130–134
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Krumsdorf U, Ostermayer S, Billinger K et al (2004) Incidence and clinical course of thrombus formation on atrial septal defect and patient foramen ovale closure devices in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:302–309PubMedCrossRef Krumsdorf U, Ostermayer S, Billinger K et al (2004) Incidence and clinical course of thrombus formation on atrial septal defect and patient foramen ovale closure devices in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:302–309PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lam YY, Yip GW, Yu CM et al (2012) Left atrial appendage closure with amplatzer cardiac plug for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: initial Asia-Pacific experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 79:794–800PubMedCrossRef Lam YY, Yip GW, Yu CM et al (2012) Left atrial appendage closure with amplatzer cardiac plug for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: initial Asia-Pacific experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 79:794–800PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Lane DA, Lip GY (2012) Use of the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED scores to aid decision making for thromboprophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Circulation 126:860–865PubMedCrossRef Lane DA, Lip GY (2012) Use of the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED scores to aid decision making for thromboprophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Circulation 126:860–865PubMedCrossRef
20.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al (2010) Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 137:263–272PubMedCrossRef Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al (2010) Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 137:263–272PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Madden JL (1949) Resection of the left auricular appendix; a prophylaxis for recurrent arterial emboli. J Am Med Assoc 140:769–772PubMedCrossRef Madden JL (1949) Resection of the left auricular appendix; a prophylaxis for recurrent arterial emboli. J Am Med Assoc 140:769–772PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Meier B, Palacios I, Windecker S et al (2003) Transcatheter left atrial appendage occlusion with Amplatzer devices to obviate anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 60:417–422PubMedCrossRef Meier B, Palacios I, Windecker S et al (2003) Transcatheter left atrial appendage occlusion with Amplatzer devices to obviate anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 60:417–422PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Munkholm-Larsen S, Cao C, Yan TD et al (2012) Percutaneous atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Heart 98:900–907PubMedCrossRef Munkholm-Larsen S, Cao C, Yan TD et al (2012) Percutaneous atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Heart 98:900–907PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Neidecker M, Patel AA, Nelson WW et al (2012) Use of warfarin in long-term care: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 12:14PubMedCrossRef Neidecker M, Patel AA, Nelson WW et al (2012) Use of warfarin in long-term care: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 12:14PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Ostermayer SH, Reisman M, Kramer PH et al (2005) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion (PLAATO system) to prevent stroke in high-risk patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation: results from the international multi-center feasibility trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:9–14PubMedCrossRef Ostermayer SH, Reisman M, Kramer PH et al (2005) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion (PLAATO system) to prevent stroke in high-risk patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation: results from the international multi-center feasibility trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:9–14PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Park JW, Bethencourt A, Sievert H et al (2011) Left atrial appendage closure with amplatzer cardiac plug in atrial fibrillation: initial European experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 77:700–706PubMedCrossRef Park JW, Bethencourt A, Sievert H et al (2011) Left atrial appendage closure with amplatzer cardiac plug in atrial fibrillation: initial European experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 77:700–706PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Park JW, Leithauser B, Gerk U et al (2009) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion (PLAATO) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 2-year outcomes. J Invasive Cardiol 21:446–450PubMed Park JW, Leithauser B, Gerk U et al (2009) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion (PLAATO) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 2-year outcomes. J Invasive Cardiol 21:446–450PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R et al (2010) A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 138:1093–1100PubMedCrossRef Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R et al (2010) A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 138:1093–1100PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Reddy VY, Holmes D, Doshi SK et al (2011) Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: results from the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with AF (PROTECT AF) clinical trial and the Continued Access Registry. Circulation 123:417–424PubMedCrossRef Reddy VY, Holmes D, Doshi SK et al (2011) Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: results from the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with AF (PROTECT AF) clinical trial and the Continued Access Registry. Circulation 123:417–424PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Reddy VY, Neuzil P, Miller MA (2012) First formal analysis of the ASA Plavix registry (ASAP): watchman left atrial appendage closure in atrial fibrillation patients with contraindication to oral anticoagulation. Heart Rhythm Society 2012 Scientific Sessions; May 11, 2012; Boston, MA. Abstract LB02-2 Reddy VY, Neuzil P, Miller MA (2012) First formal analysis of the ASA Plavix registry (ASAP): watchman left atrial appendage closure in atrial fibrillation patients with contraindication to oral anticoagulation. Heart Rhythm Society 2012 Scientific Sessions; May 11, 2012; Boston, MA. Abstract LB02-2
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Sick PB, Schuler G, Hauptmann KE et al (2007) Initial worldwide experience with the watchman left atrial appendage system for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:1490–1495PubMedCrossRef Sick PB, Schuler G, Hauptmann KE et al (2007) Initial worldwide experience with the watchman left atrial appendage system for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:1490–1495PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Sievert H, Lesh MD, Trepels T et al (2002) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion to prevent stroke in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: early clinical experience. Circulation 105:1887–1889PubMedCrossRef Sievert H, Lesh MD, Trepels T et al (2002) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion to prevent stroke in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: early clinical experience. Circulation 105:1887–1889PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Steger C, Pratter A, Martinek-Bregel M et al (2004) Stroke patients with atrial fibrillation have a worse prognosis than patients without: data from the Austrian stroke registry. Eur Heart J 25:1734–1740PubMedCrossRef Steger C, Pratter A, Martinek-Bregel M et al (2004) Stroke patients with atrial fibrillation have a worse prognosis than patients without: data from the Austrian stroke registry. Eur Heart J 25:1734–1740PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Ussia GP, Mangiafico S, Privitera A et al (2006) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion in patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: early institutional experience. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 7:569–572CrossRef Ussia GP, Mangiafico S, Privitera A et al (2006) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion in patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: early institutional experience. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 7:569–572CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ussia GP, Mule M, Cammalleri V et al (2009) Percutaneous closure of left atrial appendage to prevent embolic events in high-risk patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 74:217–222PubMedCrossRef Ussia GP, Mule M, Cammalleri V et al (2009) Percutaneous closure of left atrial appendage to prevent embolic events in high-risk patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 74:217–222PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Waldo AL, Becker RC, Tapson VF et al (2005) Hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk of stroke are not being provided with adequate anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:1729–1736PubMedCrossRef Waldo AL, Becker RC, Tapson VF et al (2005) Hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk of stroke are not being provided with adequate anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:1729–1736PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Perkutaner Vorhofohrverschluss
Alternative zur Antikoagulation bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern
verfasst von
Dr. N.A. Geis
H.A. Katus
Prof. Dr. S.E. Hardt
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2013
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Kardiologie / Ausgabe 2/2013
Print ISSN: 2731-7129
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7137
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-013-0486-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2013

Der Kardiologe 2/2013 Zur Ausgabe

Interventionelle Elektrophysiologie

Katheterablation des Vorhofflimmerns

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.