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Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 12/2012

01.12.2012 | Leitthema

Präeklampsie und Diabetes mellitus in der Schwangerschaft

Interdisziplinäre Herausforderung für Geburtsmediziner und Neonatologen

verfasst von: S. Verlohren, Prof. Dr. C. Bührer

Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | Ausgabe 12/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Weltweit sind bis zu 10% aller Schwangerschaften von plazentaren Dysfunktionen unter dem Bild einer Präeklampsie oder eines Gestationsdiabetes (GDM) betroffen. Für beides besteht in Folgeschwangerschaften ein beträchtliches Wiederholungsrisiko. Die präeklampsiedefinierenden Symptome Hypertonie und Proteinurie stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit einem relativen Mangel an „vascular endothelial growth factor“ (VEGF), während die aggressive HELLP-Variante mit einer Sequestrierung von „transforming growth factor-β“ (TGF-β) in Verbindung gebracht wird. Die Präeklampsie kann für die Mutter (und damit auch das Kind) in kurzer Zeit lebensbedrohlich werden; die einzige kausale Therapie besteht in einer raschen Entbindung. Eine medikamentöse Behandlung kann lediglich der Progression des mütterlichen Hypertonus entgegenwirken. Demgegenüber lassen sich beim GDM durch Diät, körperliche Bewegung und ggf. Insulingaben mütterlich-kindliche Probleme wie Makrosomie (mit deswegen durchgeführter Sectio) und postnatale Hypoglykämie in vielen Fällen verhindern. Die Zunahme des GDM verläuft parallel zu derjenigen der Adipositas. Ein Screening mithilfe des oralen 75-g-Glucosetoleranztests ist möglich und seit 2012 in Deutschland Regelleistung der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Präeklampsie und Diabetes mellitus in der Schwangerschaft
Interdisziplinäre Herausforderung für Geburtsmediziner und Neonatologen
verfasst von
S. Verlohren
Prof. Dr. C. Bührer
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2012
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde / Ausgabe 12/2012
Print ISSN: 0026-9298
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-012-2726-1

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