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Erschienen in: Herz 3/2015

01.05.2015 | Schwerpunkt

Prävention kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen durch Sport und körperliche Aktivität

Eine Frage der Intensität?

verfasst von: S. Wernhart, M. Dinic, A. Pressler, Prof. Dr. M. Halle

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 3/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Die koronare Herzkrankheit ist die häufigste Todesursache weltweit. Körperliche Inaktivität und eingeschränkte körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit sind für 9% der Fälle einer verfrühten Mortalität verantwortlich. Im Gegenzug führt regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität zu einer Steigerung der kardiopulmonalen Fitness, und beides wirkt sich positiv auf die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität aus, indem nicht wie bei medikamentöser Therapie einzelne Mechanismen angesprochen, sondern vielmehr multiple pathophysiologische Prozesse gleichzeitig günstig beeinflusst werden. So verbessert moderates Training signifikant das kardiovaskuläre Risikoprofil durch Blutdrucksenkung, Erhöhung der Insulinsensitivität, Verbesserung des Lipidstoffwechsels, Reduktion chronisch-inflammatorischer Konstellationen und Gewichtsreduktion. Dies ist abhängig von der Intensität der körperlichen Belastung. Studien der letzten Jahre zeigen, dass gerade höhere Intensitäten größere positive Effekte induzieren können als moderate Belastungen, die derzeit noch primär empfohlen werden. Dies muss allerdings vor dem Hintergrund bewertet werden, dass Belastungen mit hohem Umfang wie Marathontraining möglicherweise auch negative Effekte induzieren können. So zeigen sich bei diesen Sportlern in kleineren Studien eine echokardiographische Erweiterung des rechten Herzens und eine Dysfunktion mit erhöhter Fibrosierung im Tiermodell und einer unerwartet hohen Koronarsklerose. Inwieweit dies bei Gesunden langfristig zu einer erhöhten Inzidenz von Vorhofflimmern oder kardiovaskulären Ereignissen beiträgt, wird derzeit noch kontrovers diskutiert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Prävention kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen durch Sport und körperliche Aktivität
Eine Frage der Intensität?
verfasst von
S. Wernhart
M. Dinic
A. Pressler
Prof. Dr. M. Halle
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2015
Verlag
Urban & Vogel
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-015-4216-4

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