nach oben

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Erschienen in:

01.01.2015 | Original Paper

Predictions get tougher in older individuals: a longitudinal study of optimism, pessimism and depression

verfasst von: Diana Armbruster, Lars Pieper, Jens Klotsche, Jürgen Hoyer

Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

To examine whether optimism/pessimism reliably predicts depression and whether such function is stable also in older age.

Method

In a prospective study, we observed a representative sample of n = 4,046 primary care patients over 5 years. The Life Orientation Test (LOT-R, measuring optimism/pessimism) and the Depression-Screening Questionnaire were applied. Medical diagnoses were recorded by the treating physician in a structured medical interview.

Results

Depression could only be predicted by LOT-R scores in younger-age cohorts. In older adults, test stability and predictive accuracy of optimism/pessimism were markedly reduced, while somatic comorbidity gained importance as a predictor.

Conclusions

Predictive value of screening measures for mental disorders may be specific in older age due to lower trait stability and age-specific psychometric limitations as well as age-related changes in relevant predictors.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Carver CS, Scheier MF, Segerstrom SC (2010) Optimism. Clin Psychol Rev 30:879–889. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Chang EC, Maydeu-Olivares A, D’Zurilla TJ (1997) Optimism and pessimism as partially independent constructs: relationship to positive and negative affectivity and psychological well-being. Pers Indiv Differ 23:433–440. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)80009-8 CrossRef

Maruta T, Colligan RC, Malinchoc M, Offord KP (2002) Optimism–pessimism assessed in the 1960s and self-reported health status 30 years later. Mayo Clin Proc 77:748–753. doi:10.4065/77.8.748 PubMedCrossRef

Grossardt BR, Bower JH, Geda YE, Colligan RC, Rocca WA (2009) Pessimistic, anxious, and depressive personality traits predict all-cause mortality: the Mayo Clinic cohort study of personality and aging. Psychosom Med 71:491–500. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31819e67db PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Roy B, Diez-Roux AV, Seeman T, Ranjit N, Shea S, Cushman M (2010) Association of optimism and pessimism with inflammation and hemostasis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Psychosom Med 72:134–140. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181cb981b PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Kubzansky LD, Kubzansky PE, Maselko J (2004) Optimism and pessimism in the context of health: bipolar opposites or separate constructs? Pers Soc Psychol Bull 30:943–956. doi:10.1177/0146167203262086 PubMedCrossRef

Nabi H, Koskenvuo M, Singh-Manoux A, Korkeila J, Suominen S, Korkeila K, Vahtera J, Kivimaki M (2010) Low pessimism protects against stroke: the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) prospective cohort study. Stroke 41:187–190. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.565440 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Kronström K, Karlsson H, Nabi H, Oksanen T, Salo P, Sjösten N, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J (2011) Optimism and pessimism as predictors of work disability with a diagnosis of depression: a prospective cohort study of onset and recovery. J Affect Disord 130:294–299. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.003 PubMedCrossRef

Bromberger JT, Matthews KA (1996) A longitudinal study of the effects of pessimism, trait anxiety, and life stress on depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. Psychol Aging 11:207–213. doi:10.1037//0882-7974.11.2.207 PubMedCrossRef

10.

Solberg Nes L, Segerstrom SC (2006) Dispositional optimism and coping: a meta-analytic review. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 10:235–251CrossRef

11.

O’Donovan A, Lin J, Dhabhar FS, Wolkowitz O, Tillie JM, Blackburn E, Epel E (2009) Pessimism correlates with leukocyte telomere shortness and elevated interleukin-6 in post-menopausal women. Brain Behav Immun 23:446–449. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.11.006 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

12.

Kunzmann U, Little TD, Smith J (2000) Is age-related stability of subjective well-being a paradox? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychol Aging 15:511–526PubMedCrossRef

13.

Smith J, Fleeson W, Geiselmann B, Settersten RA, Kunzmann U (2009) Wohlbefinden im hohen Alter: Vorhersagen aufgrund objektiver Lebensbedingungen und subjektiver Bewertung. In: Lindenberger U, Smith J, Mayer KU, Baltes PB (eds) Die Berliner Altersstudie. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, pp 521–548

14.

Taylor SE, Kemeny ME, Reed GM, Bower JE, Gruenewald TL (2000) Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health. Am Psychol 55:99–109PubMedCrossRef

15.

Taylor SE, Brown JD (1994) Positive illusions and well-being revisited—separating fact from fiction. Psychol Bull 116:21–27. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.21 PubMedCrossRef

16.

Achat H, Kawachi I, Spiro A 3rd, DeMolles DA, Sparrow D (2000) Optimism and depression as predictors of physical and mental health functioning: the Normative Aging Study. Ann Behav Med 22:127–130. doi:10.1007/BF02895776 PubMedCrossRef

17.

Giltay EJ, Zitman FG, Kromhout D (2006) Dispositional optimism and the risk of depressive symptoms during 15 years of follow-up: the Zutphen Elderly Study. J Affect Disord 91:45–52. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.027 PubMedCrossRef

18.

Fiske A, Wetherell JL, Gatz M (2009) Depression in older adults. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 5:363–389. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153621 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

19.

Scheier MF, Carver CS, Bridges MW (1994) Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. J Pers Soc Psychol 67:1063–1078. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063 PubMedCrossRef

20.

Scheier MF, Carver CS (1985) Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychol 4:219–247. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219 PubMedCrossRef

21.

Herzberg PY, Glaesmer H, Hoyer J (2006) Separating optimism and pessimism: a robust psychometric analysis of the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Psychol Assess 18:433–438. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.4.433 PubMedCrossRef

22.

Robinson-Whelen S, Kim C, MacCallum RC, Kiecolt-Glaser JK (1997) Distinguishing optimism from pessimism in older adults: is it more important to be optimistic or not to be pessimistic? J Pers Soc Psychol 73:1345–1353. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1345 PubMedCrossRef

23.

Plomin R, Scheier MF, Bergeman CS, Pedersen NL, Nesselroade JR, Mcclearn GE (1992) Optimism, pessimism and mental-health—a twin adoption analysis. Pers Indiv Differ 13:921–930. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(92)90009-E CrossRef

24.

Appaneal RN (2012) A confirmatory factor analysis of the life orientation test-revised with competitive athletes. Res Q Exercise Sport 83:592–596. doi:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599885

25.

Mroczek DK, Spiro A, Aldwin CM, Ozer DJ, Bosse R (1993) Construct-validation of optimism and pessimism in older men—findings from the normative aging study. Health Psychol 12:406–409. doi:10.1037//0278-6133.12.5.406 PubMedCrossRef

26.

Segerstrom SC (2007) Optimism and resources: effects on each other and on health over 10 years. J Res Pers 41:772–786. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.09.004 CrossRef

27.

Matthews KA, Räikkönen K, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kuller LH (2004) Optimistic attitudes protect against progression of carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged women. Psychosom Med 66:640–644. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000139999.99756.a5 PubMedCrossRef

28.

Luppa M, Sikorski C, Luck T, Ehreke L, Konnopka A, Wiese B, Weyerer S, Konig HH, Riedel-Heller SG (2012) Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life–systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 136:212–221. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.033 PubMedCrossRef

29.

Stoppe G (2008) Depression in old age. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz 51:406–410. doi:10.1007/s00103-008-0508-7 PubMedCrossRef

30.

Mitchell AJ, Rao S, Vaze A (2010) Do primary care physicians have particular difficulty identifying late-life depression? A meta-analysis stratified by age. Psychother Psychosom 79:285–294. doi:10.1159/000318295 PubMedCrossRef

31.

Wittchen HU, Glaesmer H, Marz W, Stalla G, Lehnert H, Zeiher AM, Silber S, Koch U, Bohler S, Pittrow D, Ruf G (2005) Cardiovascular risk factors in primary care: methods and baseline prevalence rates—the DETECT program. Curr Med Res Opin 21:619–630. doi:10.1185/030079905X38187 PubMedCrossRef

32.

Glaesmer H, Herzberg PY, Klotsche J, Hoyer J (2008) Die deutsche Version des Life-Orientation-Tests (LOT-R) zum dispositionellen Optimismus. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 16:26–31. doi:10.1026/0943-8149.16.1.26 CrossRef

33.

Wittchen HU, Pfister H (1997) DIA-X-Interviews: Manual für Screening-Verfahren und Interview. Swets & Zeitlinger, Frankfurt

34.

Wittchen HU, Perkonigg A (1997) DIA-X screening Verfahren. Fragebogen DIA-DSG: Screening für Depression. Swets und Zeitlinger, Frankfurt

35.

Munk-Jorgensen P, Allgulander C, Dahl AA, Foldager L, Holm M, Rasmussen I, Virta A, Huuhtanen MT, Wittchen HU (2006) Prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in general practice in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Psychiatr Serv 57:1738–1744. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.57.12.1738 PubMedCrossRef

36.

Winter S, Wittchen HU, Höfler M, Spiegel B, Ormel H, Müller N, Pfister H (2000) Design und Methoden der Studie “Depression 2000”. Charakteristik der teilnehmenden Ärzte und Patienten. Fortschr Med 118:11–21

37.

World Health Organization (1990) Composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI), Version 1.0. WHO, Geneva

38.

Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz M, Blazer DG, Nelson CB (1993) Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. J Affect Disord 29:85–96. doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-G PubMedCrossRef

39.

Winter S, Wittchen HU, Hofler M, Spiegel B, Ormel H, Muller N, Pfister H (2000) Design und Methoden der Studie “Depression 2000”, vol 118

40.

Rabe-Hesketh S, Skrondal A (2012) Multilevel and longitudinal modeling using Stata, 3rd edn. Stata Press Publication, College Station

41.

Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale

42.

Zellner A, Huang DS (1962) Further properties of efficient estimators for seemingly unrelated regression equations. Int Econ Rev 3:300–313. doi:10.2307/2525396 CrossRef

43.

Muthén LK, Muthén BO (1998–2001) Mplus User’s Guide, 6th edn. Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles

44.

StataCorp LP (2009) Stata user’s guide : release 11. StataCorp LP, College Station

45.

Glaesmer H, Rief W, Martin A, Mewes R, Brähler E, Zenger M, Hinz A (2012) Psychometric properties and population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R). Br J Health Psychol 17:432–445. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02046.x PubMedCrossRef

46.

Kotter-Grühn D, Smith J (2011) When time is running out: changes in positive future perception and their relationships to changes in well-being in old age. Psychol Aging 26:381–387. doi:10.1037/A0022223 PubMedCrossRef

47.

Roberts BW, Mroczek D (2008) Personality trait change in adulthood. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 17:31–35. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00543.x PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

48.

Norem JK, Cantor N (1986) Defensive pessimism: harnessing anxiety as motivation. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1208–1217. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1208 PubMedCrossRef

49.

Norem JK (2001) Defensive pessimism, optimism, and pessimism. In: Chang EC (ed) Optimism and pessimism: implications for theory, research, and practice. American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., pp 77–100. doi:10.1037/10385-004

50.

Stone AA, Schwartz JE, Broderick JE, Deaton A (2010) A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:9985–9990. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003744107 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

51.

Baltes PB, Smith J (2008) The fascination of wisdom its nature, ontogeny, and function. Perspect Psychol Sci 3:56–64. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00062.x CrossRef

52.

Scheibe S, Blanchard-Fields F (2009) Effects of regulating emotions on cognitive performance: what is costly for young adults is not so costly for older adults. Psychol Aging 24:217–223. doi:10.1037/a0013807 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

53.

Carstensen LL, Fung HH, Charles ST (2003) Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life. Motiv Emotion 27:103–123. doi:10.1023/A:1024569803230 CrossRef

54.

Mather M, Carstensen LL (2003) Aging and attentional biases for emotional faces. Psychol Sci 14:409–415. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.01455 PubMedCrossRef

55.

Mikels JA, Larkin GR, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Cartensen LL (2005) Divergent trajectories in the aging mind: changes in working memory for affective versus visual information with age. Psychol Aging 20:542–553. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.542 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

56.

Charles ST, Carstensen LL (2008) Unpleasant situations elicit different emotional responses in younger and older adults. Psychol Aging 23:495–504. doi:10.1037/a0013284 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

57.

Fischer LR, Wei F, Solberg LI, Rush WA, Heinrich RL (2003) Treatment of elderly and other adult patients for depression in primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc 51:1554–1562. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51506.x PubMedCrossRef

58.

Berardi D, Menchetti M, De Ronchi D, Rucci P, Leggieri G, Ferrari G (2002) Late-life depression in primary care: a nationwide Italian epidemiological survey. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:77–83. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50011.x PubMedCrossRef

59.

Schulz R, Drayer RA, Rollman BL (2002) Depression as a risk factor for non-suicide mortality in the elderly. Biol Psychiatry 52:205–225. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01423-3 PubMedCrossRef

60.

Waern M, Runeson BS, Allebeck P, Beskow J, Rubenowitz E, Skoog I, Wilhelmsson K (2002) Mental disorder in elderly suicides: a case–control study. Am J Psychiatry 159:450–455. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.450 PubMedCrossRef

61.

Haug TT, Mykletun A, Dahl AA (2004) The association between anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms in a large population: the HUNT-II study. Psychosom Med 66:845–851. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000145823.85658.0c PubMedCrossRef

62.

Wiltink J, Beutel ME, Till Y, Ojeda FM, Wild PS, Munzel T, Blankenberg S, Michal M (2011) Prevalence of distress, comorbid conditions and well being in the general population. J Affect Disord 130:429–437. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.041 PubMedCrossRef

63.

Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Helenius H, Singh-Manoux A, Pentti J (2005) Optimism and pessimism as predictors of change in health after death or onset of severe illness in family. Health Psychol 24:413–421. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.413 PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Predictions get tougher in older individuals: a longitudinal study of optimism, pessimism and depression
verfasst von: Diana Armbruster
Lars Pieper
Jens Klotsche
Jürgen Hoyer
Publikationsdatum: 01.01.2015
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0959-0

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

18.04.2024 | Arterielle Hypertonie | Nachrichten

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Predictions get tougher in older individuals: a longitudinal study of optimism, pessimism and depression

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusions

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Antihypertensiva schützen auch alte Menschen noch vor Demenz

Delir kann Demenz begünstigen

Zunahme von Geschlechtsinkongruenz und -dysphorie registriert

Vitiligo: Prävalenz steigt und viele Erkrankte werden spät behandelt

Update Psychiatrie

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Psychopathology and classification in psychiatry

Anxiety, bulimia, drug and alcohol addiction, depression, and schizophrenia: what do you think about their aetiology, dangerousness, social distance, and treatment? A latent class analysis approach

Utilisation of psychiatrists and psychologists in private practice among non-Western labour immigrants, immigrants from refugee-generating countries and ethnic Danes: the role of mental health status

Pre-sentence mental health service use predicts post-sentence mortality in a population cohort of first-time adult offenders

Decrease in unmet needs contributes to improved motivation for treatment in elderly patients with severe mental illness

Understanding how people who use illicit drugs and alcohol experience relationships with psychiatric inpatient staff

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Antihypertensiva schützen auch alte Menschen noch vor Demenz

Delir kann Demenz begünstigen

Zunahme von Geschlechtsinkongruenz und -dysphorie registriert

Vitiligo: Prävalenz steigt und viele Erkrankte werden spät behandelt

Update Psychiatrie