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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 12/2014

01.12.2014 | Leitthema

Radiotherapie beim Plattenepithelkarzinom des Ösophagus

verfasst von: Dr. S. Semrau, R. Fietkau

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 12/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Plattenepithelkarzinome des Ösophagus (PECA) haben mit der Infiltration der Lamina submucosa eine eingeschränkte Prognose. Die alleinige Resektion führt zu einem Überleben von 30 % nach 5 Jahren; nach alleiniger Radiotherapie wird selten ein Langzeitüberleben erreicht. Multimodale Therapien unter Einschluss der simultanen Radiochemotherapie (RCT) verbessern diese Ergebnisse.

Ziel

Auf PECA zentrierte Diskussion der Ergebnisse aus Studien und Metaanalysen der letzten 15 Jahre bezüglich strahlentherapeutischer Optionen.

Ergebnisse

Die RCT ist Standard bei den nicht resektablen PECA. Bei den technisch resektablen Tumoren ist die optimale Therapie in der Diskussion; Resektion, RCT plus Operation und alleinige RCT sind möglich. Wird eine Operation erwogen, verbessert die neoadjuvante RCT die lokale Tumorkontrolle bereits bei T2-Tumoren. Ein Gewinn an Lebenszeit durch eine RCT zur Operation wurde mehrheitlich für T3-4N0- oder N1-Tumoren nachgewiesen. Im Vergleich zur alleinigen RCT verbessert die trimodale Behandlung die lokale Tumorkontrolle. Gegenüber einer alleinigen RCT ergibt sich jedoch quod vitam kein Vorteil. Ein kritischer Faktor ist die perioperative Sterblichkeit. Von Seiten der Radioonkologie wird diese durch eine Modifikation des Bestrahlungsvolumens und der Dosisverteilung präventiv beeinflusst. Anderseits muss überlegt werden, welche Patienten von einer Resektion bei residualer Erkrankung profitieren. Für eine Orientierung am Ansprechen auf eine Kurzzeitchemotherapie oder die RCT finden sich erste Argumente.

Diskussion

Die RCT hat das Spektrum der kurativen Therapien erweitert. Im neoadjuvanten Bereich verbessert sie die Ergebnisse der Resektion. Umgekehrt wird diskutiert, ob die alleinige RCT bei resektablen Tumoren eine Alternative zur Operation darstellt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Radiotherapie beim Plattenepithelkarzinom des Ösophagus
verfasst von
Dr. S. Semrau
R. Fietkau
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 12/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-014-2759-2

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