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Erschienen in: Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2/2013

01.06.2013 | Leitthema

Rehabilitation bei berufsbedingten Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankungen

Evaluation der Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit

verfasst von: Dr. U. Ochmann, N. Kotschy-Lang, W. Raab, J. Kellberger, D. Nowak, R.A. Jörres

Erschienen in: Trauma und Berufskrankheit | Ausgabe 2/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Rehabilitation führt bei chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankungen evidenzbasiert zu einer Verbesserung von körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeit, Atemwegssymptomen und Lebensqualität. Für berufsbedingte pneumologische Erkrankungen gibt es bislang nur wenige Informationen.

Ziele

Die Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit einer Rehabilitation bei Patienten mit unterschiedlichen pneumologischen Berufskrankheiten und teilweise komplexen Einschränkungen der Lungenfunktion wurden evaluiert.

Methode

Wir untersuchten 263 Patienten (Asthma bronchiale, Silikose, Asbestose, chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung), die ein 4-wöchiges stationäres Rehabilitationsprogramm mit Folgeuntersuchungen nach 3 und 12 Monaten durchliefen. Evaluiert wurden: Lungenfunktion, 6-min-Gehtest [6MWD („6-min walk distance“)], maximale ergometrische Leistung (Wmax), Muskelkraft, Atemwegsymptome, Anzahl von Exazerbationen und assoziierten ärztlichen Konsultationen, Lebensqualität [SF-36 („36-item short form health survey“), SGRQ „Saint George′s respiratory questionnaire“)], Ängstlichkeit und Depressivität [HADS („hospital anxiety and depression scale“)], Luftnotempfinden [MRC („Medical Research Council dyspnea scale“), BDI/TDI („baseline/transition dyspnea index“)].

Ergebnisse

Verglichen mit den Ausgangsdaten fanden sich signifikante (p < 0,05) Verbesserungen von 6MWD, Wmax und Muskelkraft direkt nach der Rehabilitation. Diese Effekte waren auch noch 1 Jahr später nachweisbar, bei Asbestose in geringerer Ausprägung. In dem Jahr nach der Rehabilitation zeigte sich eine signifikante Reduktion der Exazerbationen um 35 %, der antibiotischen Therapien bei Atemwegsinfekten um 27 % und der Arztbesuche um 17 % im Vergleich zum vorhergehenden Jahr. Bei den Fragebögen fanden sich keine Änderungen.

Schlussfolgerung

Rehabilitation ist effektiv, auch bei komplexen pneumologischen Berufskrankheiten, mit anhaltender Verbesserung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit und Reduktion der Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitssystems.
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Metadaten
Titel
Rehabilitation bei berufsbedingten Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankungen
Evaluation der Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit
verfasst von
Dr. U. Ochmann
N. Kotschy-Lang
W. Raab
J. Kellberger
D. Nowak
R.A. Jörres
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2013
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Trauma und Berufskrankheit / Ausgabe 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1436-6274
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-6282
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10039-013-1953-6

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