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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 2/2015

01.02.2015 | Leitthema

Rektumkarzinom – Besondere Aspekte der Pathologie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. C. Wittekind, P. Ströbel

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 2/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Ziele

Vor dem sich ändernden Profil der Pathologie nehmen die Anforderungen an das Fach zu. Besondere Aspekte ergeben sich im Umgang mit dem Gewebe von Patienten, die einer neoadjuvanten Therapie zugeführt wurden. In diesem Beitrag wird vornehmlich auf Entwicklungen aus der translationalen Forschung eingegangen, welche die klinische Betrachtung und die histopathologische Gewebediagnostik bei Patienten mit Rektumkarzinomen beeinflussen.

Methoden

Anhand einer manuellen Literaturrecherche deutsch- und englischsprachiger Artikel der Jahre 2002 bis 2014 wurden wichtige neue Aspekte der molekularen Karzinogenese des Rektumkarzinoms ermittelt und deren Relevanz für die Diagnostik, Therapie und pathologischen Klassifikationen zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse

Nach neoadjuvanter Therapie des Rektumkarzinoms müssen zahlreiche Besonderheiten mit klinischen Konsequenzen bei der makroskopischen Begutachtung, dem Präparatezuschnitt und der Tumorklassifikation beachtet werden. Trotz neuer Erkenntnisse über die molekulare Karzinogenese des Rektumkarzinoms existieren bislang keine außerhalb von Studien etablierten Biomarker, die das Ansprechen auf eine neoadjuvante Therapie vorhersagen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Durch Anwendung neoadjuvanter Therapieverfahren bei Patienten mit Rektumkarzinomen wird eine Vielzahl von Effekten erzielt, deren Auswirkungen weder lokal noch systemisch bisher vollständig verstanden sind. Letztlich werden Strategien und Behandlungskonzepte, die auf einem besseren Verständnis der Tumor- und Systembiologie basieren, zu Fortschritten in der Prognosebeurteilung und durch hierauf abgestimmte zielgerichtete Behandlungen auch zu einer Verbesserung der Therapieresultate verhelfen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Rektumkarzinom – Besondere Aspekte der Pathologie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. C. Wittekind
P. Ströbel
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 2/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-014-2764-5

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