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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 6/2016

04.05.2016 | Computertomografie | Leitthema

Staging beim Magenkarzinom

Endoskopisch, radiologisch, laparoskopisch

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Harald Ittrich, Yogesh Vashist, Thomas Rösch

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 6/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Ziel in der Diagnostik des Magenkarzinoms ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose und optimale Ausbreitungsdiagnostik mit modernen bildgebenden Verfahren zur Therapieentscheidung im Rahmen operativer und multimodaler Konzepte und zur Vermeidung operativer Eingriffe in inoperablen Fällen.

Fragestellung

Es soll ein Überblick zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Diagnostik im TNM-Staging des Magenkarzinoms unter Einsatz moderner bildgebender Verfahren gegeben werden.

Material und Methode

Literaturübersicht zum TNM-Staging des Magenkarzinoms mit Hilfe der Endoskopie, zur Endosonographie (EUS), EUS-Feinnadelaspirationsbiopsie, zu tomographisch-bildgebenden Verfahren (Multidetektor-Computertomographie, Magnetresonanztomographie, PET-CT, PET-MRT) sowie der Laparoskopie.

Ergebnisse

Die Endoskopie ist unverändert Erstdiagnostikum und Goldstandard zur Früherkennung, histologischen Sicherung und Ausschluss eines Magenkarzinoms. Die EUS dient der Beurteilung der intramuralen Ausdehnung (T-Stadieneinteilung). Die Bestimmung des genauen N‑Stadiums mittels EUS, Multidetektor-Computer- oder Magnetresonanztomographie bleibt problembehaftet, kann aber − wenn erforderlich − durch EUS-gesteuerte Feinnadelbiopsie von paragastralen Lymphknoten verbessert werden. Die Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie dienen der Erkennung wandüberschreitend vorwachsender Magenkarzinome, zur lokalen Infiltrationsdiagnostik sowie zur Detektion von Fernmetasen (M-Staging). Die Laparoskopie ist die Methode der Wahl zur Diagnostik einer Peritonealkarzinose.

Schlussfolgerungen

Nach endoskopischer Erstdiagnose gelingt mittels Endoskopie, Endosonographie, Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie eine TNM-Klassifikation (cTNM) des Magenkarzinoms, wobei diagnostische Lücken in der Bestimmung des N‑Stadiums sowie der nichtinvasiven Erkennung einer Peritonealkarzinose bestehen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Staging beim Magenkarzinom
Endoskopisch, radiologisch, laparoskopisch
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Harald Ittrich
Yogesh Vashist
Thomas Rösch
Publikationsdatum
04.05.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-016-0030-8

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