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Erschienen in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 1/2016

01.01.2016 | Original Article

Structural color changes in permanent enamel of patients with cleft lip and palate: a case–control study

verfasst von: Antje Kulas, Christina Illge, Katrin Bekes, Alexander W. Eckert, Robert A. W. Fuhrmann, Christian Hirsch

Erschienen in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie | Ausgabe 1/2016

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Abstract

Objectives

White spots are more common in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) than in the normal population. Whether these are due to the cleft itself or concomitant circumstances (e.g., surgical procedures, orthodontic treatments, systemic fluoridation, increased caries risk) remains unclear. This case–control study evaluated both their prevalence in CLP patients versus control subjects and associated risk factors.

Patients and methods

A total of 73 CLP patients (average age 8.7 years, range 6–18 years, 42 % male) and a control group of 73 age- and gender-matched non-CLP patients were included. Enamel color changes, subsuming mineralization defects (DDE index), mild dental fluorosis (Dean’s index), and initial caries (ICDAS score 2), were recorded. Caries index (dmf-t/DMF-T) scores were also recorded to distinguish between high or low caries risk as defined by the Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Jugendzahnpflege criteria. Histories of systemic fluoridation, trauma to primary teeth, surgery, and orthodontic treatment were obtained using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis included t test, χ 2 test, and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Enamel color changes were observed three times more often in the CLP group than in the control group (39.7 vs. 12.3 %; p < 0.001). Significantly more patients in the CLP group had a history of orthodontic treatment (38.4 vs. 15.1 %; p < 0.05). An increased risk for enamel color changes was associated with CLP itself [OR (odds ratio) 3.6; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.3–9.9] and table salt plus tablets combined for systemic fluoridation (OR 2.7, 95 % CI 1.1–6.9). No increased risks were identified for increased caries risk, history of primary-tooth trauma, or history of orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion

The higher prevalence of enamel color changes in the CLP group (more than threefold compared to the control group) was not related to previous orthodontic treatments; however, systemic fluoridation (table salt and tablets) constituted a risk factor for the enamel color changes seen in the CLP patients.
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Metadaten
Titel
Structural color changes in permanent enamel of patients with cleft lip and palate: a case–control study
verfasst von
Antje Kulas
Christina Illge
Katrin Bekes
Alexander W. Eckert
Robert A. W. Fuhrmann
Christian Hirsch
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie / Ausgabe 1/2016
Print ISSN: 1434-5293
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6714
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-015-0007-z

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