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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 1/2015

01.01.2015 | Leitthema

Systemtherapie des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms

verfasst von: L. Maute, Prof. Dr. L. Bergmann

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 1/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Patienten mit metastasiertem Nierenzellkarzinom haben eine ungünstige Prognose. Allerdings konnte in den letzten Jahren die Prognose durch neue sog. zielgerichtete Therapien verbessert werden.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 7 neue Substanzen, Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren (TKI), mTOR-Inhibitoren und der VEGF-Antikörper Bevacizumab eingeführt, die zu einer Verlängerung des progressionfreien Überlebens (PFS) und einem medianen Gesamtüberleben (OS) von 2–3 Jahren führen. Für die Erstlinientherapie sind die TKI Sunitinib und Pazopanib sowie die Kombination von Bevazizumab mit Interferon-α (IFN-α) und der mTOR-Inhibitor Temsirolimus für Patienten mit ungünstiger Prognose zugelassen. Sunitinib und Pazopanib können auch in der Zweitlinie eingesetzt werden, wobei Pazopanib auf Patienten nach Zytokinversagen beschränkt ist. Axitinib zeigte verglichen mit Sorafenib nach Zytokinvortherapie oder nach Sunitinib eine Verbesserung des PFS. Weitere Therapieoptionen in der Zweitlinie sind Everolimus und Sorafenib.

Diskussion

Durch die neuen zielgerichteten Substanzen, die in mehreren Therapielinien eingesetzt werden können, hat sich die Prognose für Patienten mit metastasiertem Nierenzellkarzinom signifikant verbessert. Die Frage nach der optimalen Sequenz ist trotz Phase-III-Studien bei fehlenden prädiktiven Faktoren noch nicht definitiv geklärt. Mögliche neue vielversprechende Therapieoptionen eröffnen sich mit den „Immunecheckpoint-Inhibitoren“.
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Metadaten
Titel
Systemtherapie des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms
verfasst von
L. Maute
Prof. Dr. L. Bergmann
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-014-2776-1

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