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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 8/2014

01.08.2014 | Leitthema

Therapie des trigeminoautonomen Kopfschmerzes

verfasst von: Priv.-Doz.Dr. Tim Patrick Jürgens

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 8/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Die trigeminoautonomen Kopfschmerzen (TAK) zeichnen sich durch starke streng einseitige Kopfschmerzen mit Betonung in der Stirn-Schläfen-Region und/oder periorbital in Verbindung mit ipsilateral dazu auftretenden kraniellen autonomen Symptomen wie Lakrimation, konjunktivaler Injektion, Rhinorrhö, nasaler Kongestion und einer Agitiertheit bzw. Unruhe aus. Sie unterscheiden sich untereinander durch die unterschiedliche Zeitdauer der Attacken. Während beim SUNCT-Syndrom (Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) Attacken 5 s bis 10 min andauern, beträgt die übliche Dauer bei der paroxysmalen Hemikranie 2–30 min und beim Clusterkopfschmerz 15–180 min. Die Hemicrania continua stellt eine Dauervariante der TAKs dar. Auch hinsichtlich der Therapie bestehen deutliche Unterschiede: Beim SUNCT-Syndrom steht mit Lamotrigin und bei der paroxysmalen Hemikranie mit Indometacin die prophylaktische Behandlung im Vordergrund. Beim Clusterkopfschmerz stehen als Akutmedikation Sauerstoff (100 %, inhaliert über Maske) sowie Sumatriptan s.c. und intranasales Zolmitriptan zur Verfügung, als Prophylaxe werden Methysergid und Cortison für kürzere Zeiträume bzw. überbrückend sowie Verapamil für längere Einnahmedauern als Mittel der 1. Wahl empfohlen, Lithiumcarbonat und Topiramat als Mittel der 2. Wahl. Indometacin stellt auch für die Hemicrania continua die Therapie der 1. Wahl dar. Gerade für therapierefraktäre Verläufe des chronischen Clusterkopfschmerzes werden zunehmend neuromodulierende Verfahren wie die Stimulation des N. occipitalis oder des Ganglion sphenopalatinum eingesetzt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Therapie des trigeminoautonomen Kopfschmerzes
verfasst von
Priv.-Doz.Dr. Tim Patrick Jürgens
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 8/2014
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-014-2003-7

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