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Erschienen in: HNO 12/2014

01.12.2014 | Übersichten

Tumorstammzellphänotypen und miRNA

Therapietargets bei Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen

verfasst von: A. Coordes, S. Zhifeng, V. Sangvatanakul, X. Qian, M. Lenarz, A.M. Kaufmann, PD Dr. A.E. Albers

Erschienen in: HNO | Ausgabe 12/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das Plattenepithelkarzinom im Kopf-Hals-Bereich (KH-PECA) ist die sechsthäufigste Krebserkrankung weltweit und entsteht durch persistierende Infektionen mit humanen Hochrisikopapillomviren (HR-HPV) oder übermäßigen Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum. Ursache für konstant niedrige Überlebensraten sind Lokalrezidive und Metastasen, die wahrscheinlich durch sog. Tumorstammzellen (TSZ) hervorgerufen werden. Die sog. epithelial-mesenchymale Transition (EMT) ist ein Schlüsselereignis bei der Metastasierung und wird zunehmend mit TSZ in Verbindung gebracht.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Übersichtsarbeit stellt neue Therapietargets bei KH-PECA unter Berücksichtigung der TSZ-Hypothese und EMT-Regulation dar.

Material und Methoden, Ergebnisse

Die TSZ und EMT werden mittelbar und unmittelbar über Transkriptionsfaktoren und durch sog. mikro-RNA (miRNA) reguliert. Diese miRNA regulieren multiple zelluläre Prozesse und können als neue therapeutische Zielstrukturen dienen, deren Beeinflussung zu einer effizienteren Behandlung von KH-PECA führen könnte. Posttranskriptionell regulieren miRNA sowohl EMT-assoziierte Transkriptionsfaktoren (ZEB1/2, EZH2, Bmi-1), Tumorsuppressoren (p53), TSZ-Marker (ALDH, CD44, EpCAM, p63) als auch epitheliale (E-Cadherin) und mesenchymale Marker (Vimentin).

Diskussion

Veränderungen der miRNA-Expression in den TSZ der PECA vor/nach Chemotherapie können möglicherweise als Therapiekontrolle dienen. Langfristig könnte durch die Kenntnis des Proteinexpressionsmusters eines Patienten möglicherweise eine spezifische Chemotherapie verabreicht werden und so der Entwicklung von Metastasen und potenziell inoperablen Rezidiven, die eine erhöhte Strahlen- und Chemoresistenz aufweisen, vorgebeugt und die Prognose der KH-PECA verbessert werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Tumorstammzellphänotypen und miRNA
Therapietargets bei Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen
verfasst von
A. Coordes
S. Zhifeng
V. Sangvatanakul
X. Qian
M. Lenarz
A.M. Kaufmann
PD Dr. A.E. Albers
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
HNO / Ausgabe 12/2014
Print ISSN: 0017-6192
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-014-2931-4

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