Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Journal of Nutrition 1/2016

01.02.2016 | Original Contribution

Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum improves B12 status of both mothers and infants but vaccine response in mothers only: a randomized clinical trial in Bangladesh

verfasst von: Towfida J. Siddiqua, Shaikh M. Ahmad, Khalid B. Ahsan, Mamunur Rashid, Anjan Roy, Syed M. Rahman, Setareh Shahab-Ferdows, Daniela Hampel, Tahmeed Ahmed, Lindsay H. Allen, Rubhana Raqib

Erschienen in: European Journal of Nutrition | Ausgabe 1/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Poor vitamin B12 (B12) status is associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy and infancy. Little is known about effects of B12 supplementation on immune function. The present study aimed to evaluate effects of pre- and postnatal B12 supplementation on biomarkers of B12 status and vaccine-specific responses in mothers and infants.

Method

In a blinded, placebo-controlled trial, Bangladeshi women (n = 68, age 18–35 years, hemoglobin <110 g/L, 11–14 weeks pregnant) were randomized to receive 250 μg/day B12 or a placebo throughout pregnancy and 3-month postpartum along with 60 mg iron + 400 μg folate. Women were immunized with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine at 26- to 28-week gestation. Blood from mothers (baseline, 72-h post-delivery, 3-month postpartum), newborns and infants (3-month) was analyzed for hemoglobin, B12, methylmalonic acid (MMA), total homocysteine (tHcy), ferritin and serum transferrin receptor, C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Vitamin B12 was also assessed in breast milk. H1N1-specific antibodies were determined in plasma and colostrum/breast milk.

Results

At baseline, 26 % women were B12 deficient (<150 pmol/L), 40 % had marginal status (150–220 pmol/L), 43 % had elevated MMA (>271 nmol/L), and 31 % had elevated tHcy (>10 μmol/L). Supplementation increased B12 in plasma, colostrums and breast milk (p < 0.05) and lowered MMA in neonates, mothers and infants at 3 months (p < 0.05). B12 supplementation significantly increased H1N1-specific IgA responses in plasma and colostrums in mothers and reduced proportion of infants with elevated AGP and CRP compared with placebo.

Conclusion

Supplementation with 250 μg/day B12 during pregnancy and lactation substantially improved maternal, infant and breast milk B12 status. Maternal supplementation improved H1N1 vaccine-specific responses in mothers only and may alleviate inflammatory responses in infants.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen LH (2009) How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? Am J Clin Nutr 89:693S–696SCrossRef Allen LH (2009) How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? Am J Clin Nutr 89:693S–696SCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Stabler SP, Allen RH (2004) Vitamin B12 deficiency as a worldwide problem. Annu Rev Nutr 24:299–326CrossRef Stabler SP, Allen RH (2004) Vitamin B12 deficiency as a worldwide problem. Annu Rev Nutr 24:299–326CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen LH (1994) Vitamin B12 metabolism and status during pregnancy, lactation and infancy. Adv Expl Med Biol 352:173–186CrossRef Allen LH (1994) Vitamin B12 metabolism and status during pregnancy, lactation and infancy. Adv Expl Med Biol 352:173–186CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Casterline JE, Allen LH, Ruel MT (1997) Vitamin B-12 deficiency is very prevalent in lactating Guatemalan women and their infants at three months postpartum. Nutr 127:1966–1972 Casterline JE, Allen LH, Ruel MT (1997) Vitamin B-12 deficiency is very prevalent in lactating Guatemalan women and their infants at three months postpartum. Nutr 127:1966–1972
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Scatliff C, Koski K, Scott M (2011) Diarrhea and novel dietary factors emerge as predictors of serum vitamin B12 in Panamanian children. Food Nutr Bull 32:54–59CrossRef Scatliff C, Koski K, Scott M (2011) Diarrhea and novel dietary factors emerge as predictors of serum vitamin B12 in Panamanian children. Food Nutr Bull 32:54–59CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Molloy AM, Kirke PN, Troendle JF, Burke H, Sutton M, Brody LC, Scott JM, Mills JL (2009) Maternal vitamin B12 status and risk of neural tube defects in a population with high neural tube defect prevalence and no folic acid fortification. Pediatrics 123:917–923CrossRef Molloy AM, Kirke PN, Troendle JF, Burke H, Sutton M, Brody LC, Scott JM, Mills JL (2009) Maternal vitamin B12 status and risk of neural tube defects in a population with high neural tube defect prevalence and no folic acid fortification. Pediatrics 123:917–923CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Refsum H (2001) Folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in relation to birth defects and pregnancy outcome. Br J Nutr 85:S109–S113CrossRef Refsum H (2001) Folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in relation to birth defects and pregnancy outcome. Br J Nutr 85:S109–S113CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Pathak P, Kapil U, Yajnik C, Kapoor S, Dwivedi S, Singh R (2007) Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 stores among pregnant women in a rural area of Haryana State, India. Food Nutr Bull 28:435–438CrossRef Pathak P, Kapil U, Yajnik C, Kapoor S, Dwivedi S, Singh R (2007) Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 stores among pregnant women in a rural area of Haryana State, India. Food Nutr Bull 28:435–438CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Samuel TM, Duggan C, Thomas T, Bosch R, Rajendran R, Virtanen SM, Srinivasan K, Kurpad AV (2013) Vitamin B12 intake and status in early pregnancy among urban South Indian women. Ann Nutr Metab 62:113–122CrossRef Samuel TM, Duggan C, Thomas T, Bosch R, Rajendran R, Virtanen SM, Srinivasan K, Kurpad AV (2013) Vitamin B12 intake and status in early pregnancy among urban South Indian women. Ann Nutr Metab 62:113–122CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Stewart C, Christian P, Schulze K, Arguello M, LeClerq S, Khatry S, West K (2011) Low maternal vitamin B-12 status is associated with offspring insulin resistance regardless of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural Nepal. J Nutr 141:1912–1917CrossRef Stewart C, Christian P, Schulze K, Arguello M, LeClerq S, Khatry S, West K (2011) Low maternal vitamin B-12 status is associated with offspring insulin resistance regardless of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural Nepal. J Nutr 141:1912–1917CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Shamim A, Kabir A, Merrill R, Ali H, Rashid M, Schulze K, Labrique A, West K, Christian P (2013) Plasma zinc, vitamin B12 and α-tocopherol are positively and plasma γ-tocopherol is negatively associated with Hb concentration in early pregnancy in north-west Bangladesh. Public Health Nutr 16:1354–1361. doi:10.1017/S1368980013000475 CrossRef Shamim A, Kabir A, Merrill R, Ali H, Rashid M, Schulze K, Labrique A, West K, Christian P (2013) Plasma zinc, vitamin B12 and α-tocopherol are positively and plasma γ-tocopherol is negatively associated with Hb concentration in early pregnancy in north-west Bangladesh. Public Health Nutr 16:1354–1361. doi:10.​1017/​S136898001300047​5 CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindstrom E, Hossain MB, Lonnerdal B, Raqib R, El Arifeen S, Ekstrom EC (2011) Prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in early pregnancy in rural Bangladesh, the MINIMat trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 90:47–56. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2010.01014.x CrossRef Lindstrom E, Hossain MB, Lonnerdal B, Raqib R, El Arifeen S, Ekstrom EC (2011) Prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in early pregnancy in rural Bangladesh, the MINIMat trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 90:47–56. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1600-0412.​2010.​01014.​x CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Eneroth H, El Arifeen S, Persson L, Lönnerdal B, Hossain M, Stephensen C, Ekström E (2010) Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation has limited impact on micronutrient status of Bangladeshi infants compared with standard iron and folic acid supplementation. J Nutr 140:618–624CrossRef Eneroth H, El Arifeen S, Persson L, Lönnerdal B, Hossain M, Stephensen C, Ekström E (2010) Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation has limited impact on micronutrient status of Bangladeshi infants compared with standard iron and folic acid supplementation. J Nutr 140:618–624CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Merrill RD, Shamim AA, Ali H, Jahan N, Labrique AB, Schulze K, Christian P, West KP (2011) Iron status of women is associated with the iron concentration of potable groundwater in rural Bangladesh. J Nutr 141:944–949CrossRef Merrill RD, Shamim AA, Ali H, Jahan N, Labrique AB, Schulze K, Christian P, West KP (2011) Iron status of women is associated with the iron concentration of potable groundwater in rural Bangladesh. J Nutr 141:944–949CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang AM, Graham NM, Chandra RK, Saah AJ (1997) Low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations are associated with faster human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. J Nutr 127:345–351 Tang AM, Graham NM, Chandra RK, Saah AJ (1997) Low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations are associated with faster human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. J Nutr 127:345–351
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunout D, Barrera G, Hirsch S, Gattas V, de la Maza MP, Haschke F, Steenhout P, Klassen P, Hager C, Avendano M (2004) Effects of a nutritional supplement on the immune response and cytokine production in free-living Chilean elderly. J Parenter Enteral Nutr (JPEN) 28:348–354CrossRef Bunout D, Barrera G, Hirsch S, Gattas V, de la Maza MP, Haschke F, Steenhout P, Klassen P, Hager C, Avendano M (2004) Effects of a nutritional supplement on the immune response and cytokine production in free-living Chilean elderly. J Parenter Enteral Nutr (JPEN) 28:348–354CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Fata FT, Herzlich BC, Schiffman G, Ast AL (1996) Impaired antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide in elderly patients with low serum vitamin B12 levels. Ann Intern Med 124:299–304CrossRef Fata FT, Herzlich BC, Schiffman G, Ast AL (1996) Impaired antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide in elderly patients with low serum vitamin B12 levels. Ann Intern Med 124:299–304CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaman K, Roy E, Arifeen SE, Rahman M, Raqib R, Wilson E, Omer SB, Shahid NS, Breiman RF, Steinhoff MC (2008) Effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in mothers and infants. N Engl J Med 359:1555–1564CrossRef Zaman K, Roy E, Arifeen SE, Rahman M, Raqib R, Wilson E, Omer SB, Shahid NS, Breiman RF, Steinhoff MC (2008) Effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in mothers and infants. N Engl J Med 359:1555–1564CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahid NS, Steinhoff MC, Roy E, Begum T, Thompson CM, Siber GR (2002) Placental and breast transfer of antibodies after maternal immunization with polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine: a randomized, controlled evaluation. Vaccine 20:2404–2409CrossRef Shahid NS, Steinhoff MC, Roy E, Begum T, Thompson CM, Siber GR (2002) Placental and breast transfer of antibodies after maternal immunization with polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine: a randomized, controlled evaluation. Vaccine 20:2404–2409CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe F (2007) Vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability. Expl Biol Med 232:1266–1274CrossRef Watanabe F (2007) Vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability. Expl Biol Med 232:1266–1274CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Ampola MG, Mahoney MJ, Nakamura E, Tanaka K (1975) Prenatal therapy of a patient with vitamin-B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia. N Engl J Med 293:313–317CrossRef Ampola MG, Mahoney MJ, Nakamura E, Tanaka K (1975) Prenatal therapy of a patient with vitamin-B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia. N Engl J Med 293:313–317CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuzminski AM, Del Giacco EJ, Allen RH, Stabler SP, Lindenbaum J (1998) Effective treatment of cobalamin deficiency with oral cobalamin. Blood 92:1191–1198 Kuzminski AM, Del Giacco EJ, Allen RH, Stabler SP, Lindenbaum J (1998) Effective treatment of cobalamin deficiency with oral cobalamin. Blood 92:1191–1198
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilfix BM, Blank DW, Rosenblatt DS (1997) Novel reductant for determination of total plasma homocysteine. Clin Chem 43:687–688 Gilfix BM, Blank DW, Rosenblatt DS (1997) Novel reductant for determination of total plasma homocysteine. Clin Chem 43:687–688
27.
Zurück zum Zitat WHO (1968) Nutritional anemia. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 405:5–37. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland WHO (1968) Nutritional anemia. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 405:5–37. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Domellöf M, Dewey KG, Lönnerdal B, Cohen RJ, Hernell O (2002) The diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in infants should be reevaluated. J Nutr 132:3680–3686 Domellöf M, Dewey KG, Lönnerdal B, Cohen RJ, Hernell O (2002) The diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in infants should be reevaluated. J Nutr 132:3680–3686
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen RH, Stabler SP, Savage DG, Lindenbaum J (1990) Diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency I: usefulness of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations. Am J Hematol 34:90–98CrossRef Allen RH, Stabler SP, Savage DG, Lindenbaum J (1990) Diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency I: usefulness of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations. Am J Hematol 34:90–98CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Cabot RC, Scully RE, Mark EJ, McNeely WF, McNeely BU, Jordan CD, Flood JG, Laposata M, Lewandrowski KB (1992) Normal reference laboratory values. New Engl J Med 327:718–724CrossRef Cabot RC, Scully RE, Mark EJ, McNeely WF, McNeely BU, Jordan CD, Flood JG, Laposata M, Lewandrowski KB (1992) Normal reference laboratory values. New Engl J Med 327:718–724CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrmann W, Schorr H, Obeid R, Geisel J (2003) Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr 78:131–136 Herrmann W, Schorr H, Obeid R, Geisel J (2003) Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr 78:131–136
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Schneede I, Dagnelie P, Van Staveren W, Vollset S, Refsum H, Ueland P (1994) Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine in plasma as indicators of functional cobalamin deficiency in infants on macrobiotic diets. Pediatr Res 36:194–201CrossRef Schneede I, Dagnelie P, Van Staveren W, Vollset S, Refsum H, Ueland P (1994) Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine in plasma as indicators of functional cobalamin deficiency in infants on macrobiotic diets. Pediatr Res 36:194–201CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Refsum H, Smith AD, Ueland PM, Nexo E, Clarke R, McPartlin J, Johnston C, Engbaek F, Schneede J, McPartlin C (2004) Facts and recommendations about total homocysteine determinations: an expert opinion. Clin Chem 50:3–32CrossRef Refsum H, Smith AD, Ueland PM, Nexo E, Clarke R, McPartlin J, Johnston C, Engbaek F, Schneede J, McPartlin C (2004) Facts and recommendations about total homocysteine determinations: an expert opinion. Clin Chem 50:3–32CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Cook J, Skikne B, Baynes R (1993) Serum transferrin receptor. Annu Rev Med 44:63–74CrossRef Cook J, Skikne B, Baynes R (1993) Serum transferrin receptor. Annu Rev Med 44:63–74CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Thurnham DI, Mburu AS, Mwaniki DL, Wagt AD (2005) Micronutrients in childhood and the influence of subclinical inflammation. Proc Nutr Soc 64:502–509CrossRef Thurnham DI, Mburu AS, Mwaniki DL, Wagt AD (2005) Micronutrients in childhood and the influence of subclinical inflammation. Proc Nutr Soc 64:502–509CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Calvin J, Neale G, Fotherby K, Price C (1988) The relative merits of acute phase proteins in the recognition of inflammatory conditions. Ann Clin Biochem 25:60–66CrossRef Calvin J, Neale G, Fotherby K, Price C (1988) The relative merits of acute phase proteins in the recognition of inflammatory conditions. Ann Clin Biochem 25:60–66CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Baylin A, Villamor E, Rifai N, Msamanga G, Fawzi WW (2005) Effect of vitamin supplementation to HIV-infected pregnant women on the micronutrient status of their infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 59:960–968. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602201 CrossRef Baylin A, Villamor E, Rifai N, Msamanga G, Fawzi WW (2005) Effect of vitamin supplementation to HIV-infected pregnant women on the micronutrient status of their infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 59:960–968. doi:10.​1038/​sj.​ejcn.​1602201 CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Food and Nutrition Board IoM (1998) Dietary reference intakes: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. National Academy Press, Washington Food and Nutrition Board IoM (1998) Dietary reference intakes: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. National Academy Press, Washington
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Herbert V (1987) Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin B-12 in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 45:671–678 Herbert V (1987) Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin B-12 in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 45:671–678
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Duggan C, Srinivasan K, Thomas T et al (2014) Vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy and early lactation increases maternal, breast milk, and infant measures of vitamin B-12 status. J Nutr 144:758–764. doi:10.3945/jn.113.187278 CrossRef Duggan C, Srinivasan K, Thomas T et al (2014) Vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy and early lactation increases maternal, breast milk, and infant measures of vitamin B-12 status. J Nutr 144:758–764. doi:10.​3945/​jn.​113.​187278 CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Yajnik C, Deshpande S, Jackson A, Refsum H, Rao S, Fisher D, Bhat D, Naik S, Coyaji K, Joglekar C (2008) Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Diabetologia 51:29–38CrossRef Yajnik C, Deshpande S, Jackson A, Refsum H, Rao S, Fisher D, Bhat D, Naik S, Coyaji K, Joglekar C (2008) Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Diabetologia 51:29–38CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahab-Ferdows SA-LM, Vergara-Castañeda H, Rosado JL, Keyes WR, Newman JW, Miller JW, Allen LH (2012) Vitamin B-12 supplementation of rural Mexican women changes biochemical vitamin B-12 status indicators but does not affect hematology or a bone turnover marker. J Nutr 142:1881–1887. doi:10.3945/jn.112.165712 CrossRef Shahab-Ferdows SA-LM, Vergara-Castañeda H, Rosado JL, Keyes WR, Newman JW, Miller JW, Allen LH (2012) Vitamin B-12 supplementation of rural Mexican women changes biochemical vitamin B-12 status indicators but does not affect hematology or a bone turnover marker. J Nutr 142:1881–1887. doi:10.​3945/​jn.​112.​165712 CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Hay G, Clausen T, Whitelaw A, Trygg K, Johnston C, Henriksen T, Refsum H (2010) Maternal folate and cobalamin status predicts vitamin status in newborns and 6-month-old infants. J Nutr 140:557–564CrossRef Hay G, Clausen T, Whitelaw A, Trygg K, Johnston C, Henriksen T, Refsum H (2010) Maternal folate and cobalamin status predicts vitamin status in newborns and 6-month-old infants. J Nutr 140:557–564CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Metz J (2008) A high prevalence of biochemical evidence of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency does not translate into a comparable prevalence of anemia. Food Nutr Bull 29:S74–S85CrossRef Metz J (2008) A high prevalence of biochemical evidence of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency does not translate into a comparable prevalence of anemia. Food Nutr Bull 29:S74–S85CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Henkle E, Steinhoff MC, Omer SB, Roy E, Arifeen SE, Raqib R, McNeal M, Breiman RF, Moss WJ, Zaman K (2011) Incidence of influenza virus infection in early infancy: a prospective study in South Asia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 30:170–173CrossRef Henkle E, Steinhoff MC, Omer SB, Roy E, Arifeen SE, Raqib R, McNeal M, Breiman RF, Moss WJ, Zaman K (2011) Incidence of influenza virus infection in early infancy: a prospective study in South Asia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 30:170–173CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahid N, Hoque S, Begum T, Steinhoff M, Thompson C, Siber G (1995) Serum, breast milk, and infant antibody after maternal immunisation with pneumococcal vaccine. The Lancet 346:1252–1257CrossRef Shahid N, Hoque S, Begum T, Steinhoff M, Thompson C, Siber G (1995) Serum, breast milk, and infant antibody after maternal immunisation with pneumococcal vaccine. The Lancet 346:1252–1257CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu HY, Steinhoff MC, Magaret A, Zaman K, Roy E, Langdon G, Formica MA, Walsh EE, Englund JA (2014) Respiratory syncytial virus transplacental antibody transfer and kinetics in mother–infant pairs in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 210:1582–1589. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu316 CrossRef Chu HY, Steinhoff MC, Magaret A, Zaman K, Roy E, Langdon G, Formica MA, Walsh EE, Englund JA (2014) Respiratory syncytial virus transplacental antibody transfer and kinetics in mother–infant pairs in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 210:1582–1589. doi:10.​1093/​infdis/​jiu316 CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Hitzig W, Dohmann U, Pluss H, Vischer D (1974) Hereditary transcobalamin II deficiency: clinical findings in a new family. J Pediatr 85:622–628CrossRef Hitzig W, Dohmann U, Pluss H, Vischer D (1974) Hereditary transcobalamin II deficiency: clinical findings in a new family. J Pediatr 85:622–628CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Hall CA, Green-Colligan PD, Begley JA (1981) The role of cobalamin in synthesis of protein and immunoglobulins by human peripheral lymphocytes. Nutr Res 1:349–361CrossRef Hall CA, Green-Colligan PD, Begley JA (1981) The role of cobalamin in synthesis of protein and immunoglobulins by human peripheral lymphocytes. Nutr Res 1:349–361CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Cv Dommelen, Slagboom G, Meester G, Wadman S (1963) Reversible hypogammaglobulinaemia in cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency. Acta Med Scand 174:193–200 Cv Dommelen, Slagboom G, Meester G, Wadman S (1963) Reversible hypogammaglobulinaemia in cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency. Acta Med Scand 174:193–200
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Kafetz K (1985) Immunoglobulin deficiency responding to vitamin B12 in two elderly patients with megaloblastic anaemia. Postgrad Med J 61:1065–1066CrossRef Kafetz K (1985) Immunoglobulin deficiency responding to vitamin B12 in two elderly patients with megaloblastic anaemia. Postgrad Med J 61:1065–1066CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Erkurt MA, Aydogdu I, Dikilitaş M, Kuku I, Kaya E, Bayraktar N, Ozhan O, Ozkan I, Sönmez A (2008) Effects of cyanocobalamin on immunity in patients with pernicious anemia. Med Princ Pract 17:131–135CrossRef Erkurt MA, Aydogdu I, Dikilitaş M, Kuku I, Kaya E, Bayraktar N, Ozhan O, Ozkan I, Sönmez A (2008) Effects of cyanocobalamin on immunity in patients with pernicious anemia. Med Princ Pract 17:131–135CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Greibe E, Lildballe DL, Streym S, Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L, Nexo E (2013) Cobalamin and haptocorrin in human milk and cobalamin-related variables in mother and child: a 9-mo longitudinal study. Am J Clin Nutr 98:389–395CrossRef Greibe E, Lildballe DL, Streym S, Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L, Nexo E (2013) Cobalamin and haptocorrin in human milk and cobalamin-related variables in mother and child: a 9-mo longitudinal study. Am J Clin Nutr 98:389–395CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat West L (2002) Defining critical windows in the development of the human immune system. Hum Exp Toxicol 21:499–505CrossRef West L (2002) Defining critical windows in the development of the human immune system. Hum Exp Toxicol 21:499–505CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Prendergast AJ, Rukobo S, Chasekwa B, Mutasa K, Ntozini R, Mbuya MN, Jones A, Moulton LH, Stoltzfus RJ, Humphrey JH (2014) Stunting is characterized by chronic inflammation in Zimbabwean infants. PLoS One 9:e86928CrossRef Prendergast AJ, Rukobo S, Chasekwa B, Mutasa K, Ntozini R, Mbuya MN, Jones A, Moulton LH, Stoltzfus RJ, Humphrey JH (2014) Stunting is characterized by chronic inflammation in Zimbabwean infants. PLoS One 9:e86928CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum improves B12 status of both mothers and infants but vaccine response in mothers only: a randomized clinical trial in Bangladesh
verfasst von
Towfida J. Siddiqua
Shaikh M. Ahmad
Khalid B. Ahsan
Mamunur Rashid
Anjan Roy
Syed M. Rahman
Setareh Shahab-Ferdows
Daniela Hampel
Tahmeed Ahmed
Lindsay H. Allen
Rubhana Raqib
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Journal of Nutrition / Ausgabe 1/2016
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0845-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2016

European Journal of Nutrition 1/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.