5p deletion syndrome, one of the most common chromosomal syndromes, was first identified in 1963 by Lejeune
et al. as cri-du-chat syndrome [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) number #123450] [
1], and is characterized by total or partial deletion (range 35–55%) of the short arm of chromosome 5 [
2]. The average size of chromosomal loss in the 5p deletion syndrome is reported to be around 20 Mb (0.6–35.0 Mb) [
3]. The breakpoints in most patients have been reported from 5p13 to p15.2 [
4], and the critical region is thought to be 5p15.3–15.2 [
5]. One of the characteristic features of 5p deletion syndrome in newborns is weak, high-pitched monochromatic crying, which usually disappears in the first year of life. Other features include low birth weight, microcephaly, hypotonia, and severe mental and developmental retardation [
2,
3]. Most fetuses show sonographic findings including cerebellar hypoplasia, ventricular septal defect, ventriculomegaly, choroid plexus cyst, and nasal bone hypoplasia [
6]. It is estimated that 5p deletion syndrome affects one in every 20,000–50,000 live births [
7].
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a diaphragm defect, is a life-threatening anomaly with an incidence of 2–3 cases per 10,000 births [
8]. CDH is characterized by intraabdominal organ penetration into the thoracic cavity, leading to pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. Recently, there have been improvements in the prenatal diagnosis and evaluation of CDH. However, information on the precise prediction of mortality and morbidity in CDH cases complicated with genetic changes, which is critical for parents, remains limited. Therefore, the outcomes of such rare complications should be accumulated for prenatal counseling.
Herein we present the clinical course of a CDH case complicated with 5p deletion syndrome, which was diagnosed prenatally.