Introduction
Methods
Patients and study protocol
Procedures
Outcomes
Statistical analysis
Power calculation and sample size
Results
Group | Original study |
p
| Follow-up study |
p
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surgery | Nonsurgical | Surgery | Nonsurgical | |||
CVD | 5 | 22 | 0.001 | 8 | 32 | 0.029 |
Total non-CVD | 7 | 43 | 0.001 | 18 | 58 | 0.019 |
Cancer | 7 | 33 | 0.016 | 13 | 44 | 0.033 |
Liver | 0 | 4 | NS | 2 | 4 | NS |
Lung | 0 | 3 | NS | 1 | 4 | NS |
Infection | 0 | 3 | NS | 1 | 4 | NS |
Endocrine | 0 | 0 | NS | 0 | 1 | NS |
External | 0 | 0 | NS | 1 | 1 | NS |
Total | 12 | 65 | 0.001 | 26 | 90 | 0.001 |
Original study |
p
| Follow-up study |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mortality | HR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.19–0.65 | 0.001 | HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.33–0.80 | 0.003 |
In non-DM | HR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.97 | 0.041 | HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.35–1.05 | 0.076 |
In DM | HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.87 | 0.025 | HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.94 | 0.034 |
Below median age | HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.18–2.68 | 0.586 | HR = 1.98, 95% CI 0.76–5.14 | 0.162 |
Above median age | HR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.58 | 0.001 | HR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.65 | 0.001 |
Surgery | Nonsurgical |
p
| Surgery | Nonsurgical |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incident diseases | ||||||
Diabetes | 15 | 48 | 0.018 | 15 | 75 | 0.001 |
Arterial hypertension | 42 | 107 | 0.028 | 47 | 174 | 0.001 |
CVD | 10 | 17 | NS | 14 | 52 | 0.009 |
Renal diseases | 0 | 3 | NS | 0 | 35 | 0.001 |
Liver diseases | 8 | 18 | NS | 8 | 25 | NS |
Cancer | 4 | 17 | NS | 10 | 35 | 0.01 |
Lung diseases | 4 | 9 | NS | 4a | 9a | NS |
Metabolic diseases | 4 | 13 | NS | 4a | 13 | NS |
Total | 87 | 232 | 0.001 | 102 | 418 | 0.001 |
Hospital admissions | ||||||
Diabetes | 14 | 33 | NS | 14 | 120 | 0.001 |
CVD | 34 | 69 | NS | 35 | 119 | 0.001 |
Liver disease | 4 | 11 | NS | 6 | 28 | 0.028 |
Renal diseases | 0 | 4 | NS | 0 | 8 | NS |
Cancer | 9 | 22 | NS | 10 | 44 | 0.005 |
Lung diseases | 5 | 18 | NS | 5a | 18a | NS |
Metabolic diseases | 5 | 12 | NS | 5a | 12a | NS |
Muscular and bone diseases | 17 | 28 | NS | 17a | 28a | NS |
Total | 88 | 197 | 0.04 | 92 | 377 | 0.001 |
Surgery (n = 154) |
p
| Nonsurgical (n = 360) |
p
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |||
Age (years) | 41.0 ± 10.13 | – | – | 42.2 ± 12.94 | – | – |
BMI (kg/m2) | 42.7 ± 4.62 | 36.7 ± 5.24 | 0.0001 | 39.1 ± 5.27 | 39.1 ± 6.16 | 0.5047 |
Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 108.6 ± 39.36 | 97.6 ± 32.09 | 0.0001 | 103.1 ± 27.40 | 103.6 ± 30.47 | 0.4452 |
Hba1c (%) | 6.0 ± 1.35 | 5.5 ± 1.01 | 0.0001 | 7.6 ± 2.51 | 6.7 ± 1.64 | 0.1055 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 133.8 ± 14.59 | 127.2 ± 12.38 | 0.0001 | 132.4 ± 13.36 | 132.8 ± 8.76 | 0.9090 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 83.9 ± 9.55 | 77.8 ± 8.68 | 0.0001 | 78.65 ± 9.48 | 78.8 ± 10.43 | 0.5203 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 78.2 ± 5.95 | 55.7 ± 28.89 | 0.0304 | 71.2 ± 6.46 | 75.8 ± 10.56 | 0.1280 |
EGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 107.3 ± 29.07 | 99.3 ± 23.34 | 0.0010 | 85.4 ± 21.54 | 90.2 ± 18.83 | 0.0811 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 207.7 ± 43.77 | 203.2 ± 36.77 | 0.0685 | 210.5 ± 32.68 | 198.8 ± 37.43 | 0.0272 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 130.6 ± 40.50 | 124.44 ± 32.60 | 0.0250 | 135.4 ± 35.07 | 119.3 ± 34.81 | 0.0214 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.1 ± 13.52 | 54.6 ± 13.87 | 0.0001 | 48.4 ± 11.82 | 51.29 ± 12.29 | 0.0298 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 140.4 ± 76.49 | 122.2 ± 66.93 | 0.0001 | 139.2 ± 68.34 | 130.8 ± 52.72 | 0.1735 |
AST (U/L) | 23.7 ± 11.86 | 21.5 ± 8.55 | 0.0146 | 23.6 ± 10.41 | 24.5 ± 7.26 | 0.2830 |
ALT (U/L) | 31.3 ± 21.14 | 24.2 ± 15.39 | 0.0001 | 32.9 ± 27.64 | 30.4 ± 15.19 | 0.2568 |
HR | S.E. | Z |
p
| 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate analysis | |||||
Surgery | 0.52 (0.35) | 0.12 (0.11) | − 2.94 (− 3.33) | 0.003 (0.001) | 0.33–0.81 (0.19–0.65) |
Age > 42 years | 5.53 (7.15) | 1.45 (2.43) | 6.52 (5.81) | 0.001 (0.001) | 3.31–9.26 (3.68–13.91) |
Female sex | 0.53 (0.39) | 0.10 (0.09) | − 3.27 (− 4.02) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.36–0.78 (0.25–0.62) |
Coronary heart disease | 4.98 (4.67) | 1.35 (1.52) | 5.94 (4.73) | 0.001 (0.001) | 2.93–8.47 (2.47–8.86) |
Diabetes | 3.94 (5.71) | 0.74 (1.31) | 7.29 (7.61) | 0.001 (0.001) | 2.73–5.70 (3.54–8.94) |
Multivariable analysis | |||||
Surgery | 0.51 (0.41) | 0.12 (0.13) | − 2.95 (− 2.82) | 0.003 (0.005) | 0.33–0.80 (0.22–0.76) |
Age > 42 years | 4.31 (4.35) | 1.21 (1.57) | 5.21 (4.08) | 0.001 (0.001) | 2.49–7.45 (2.15–8.82) |
Female sex | 0.53 (0.39) | 0.10 (0.09) | − 3.25 (− 4.10) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.36–0.78 (0.25–0.61) |
Coronary heart disease | 2.83 (2.51) | 0.78 (0.83) | 3.77 (2.75) | 0.001 (0.006) | 1.65–4.87 (1.31–4.81) |
Diabetes | 2.65 (3.11) | 0.53 (0.75) | 4.86 (4.69) | 0.001 (0.001) | 1.79–3.93 (1.93–4.99) |