A case of an elderly female with diffuse hepatic hemangiomatosis complicated with multiple organic dysfunction and Kasabach–Merritt syndrome

Since diffuse hepatic hemangiomatosis (DHH) is an extremely rare disease especially in adults, the etiology and natural course of adult-onset DHH has not been well understood. We report a case of DHH complicated with multiple organic dysfunction and Kasabach–Merritt syndrome (KMS) in an 83-year-old female. She presented with mild abdominal distension and laboratory findings revealed thrombocytopenia and abnormal coagulation, indicating disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Enhanced computed tomography revealed diffuse, hypodense hepatic nodules with delayed enhancement involving the whole liver, and multiple hypodense splenic legions. To obtain a definitive diagnosis, laparoscopic-guided biopsy was performed. Histological findings revealed irregularly dilated non-anastomotic vascular spaces, which were lined with flat endothelial cells without cellular atypia. We diagnosed this as DHH complicated with splenic lesions and KMS. Although the patient was treated with symptomatic treatment, such as anti-coagulation therapy, hemangiomatous lesions, especially in the spleen, progressed rapidly, leading to worsening of DIC. Finally, the patient died of multiple organ failure at 12 months after diagnosis. A postmortem examination demonstrated diffuse hemangiomatosis of not only the liver and spleen, but also the adrenal glands and bone marrow. Despite no malignant histologically, DHH can be fatal if it progresses rapidly within a short period of time.