nach oben

Netherlands journal of psychology

Erschienen in:

01.09.2009 | Article

A cognitive neuropsychological approach to false memory: Korsakoff patients and the DRM paradigm

verfasst von: Ilse Van Damme, Géry d’Ydewalle

Erschienen in: Netherlands journal of psychology | Ausgabe 3/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Although false memories have been studied extensively within the field of cognitive psychology, the role of cognitive neuropsychology in false memory research has been rather limited. Therefore, the present article aims at giving an integrated overview of both the neuropsychological study of amnesia and research on false memories. After considering some of the most important predecessors in the study of memory distortions/illusions, a list-learning paradigm designed to elicit and investigate false memories is described (i.e., the DRM paradigm), and theoretical accounts for the phenomenon are provided. Subsequently, the neuropsychological framework is presented, with an emphasis on Korsakoff patients’ performance in the earlier described paradigm. Several experimental manipulations, as well as the results, are discussed and interpreted in the light of both encoding and retrieval factors. (Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 64: 96-111.)

Aggleton, J. P., & Saunders, R. C. (1997). The relationships between temporal lobe and diencephalic structures implicated in anterograde amnesia. Memory, 5, 49-71.PubMedCrossRef

Badgaiyan, R. D., Schacter, D. L., & Alpert, N. M. (2003). Priming of new associations: A PET study. Neuroreport, 14, 2475-2479.PubMedCrossRef

Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Bastin, C., Van der Linden, M., Lekeu, F., Andrés, P., & Salmon, E. (2006). Variability in the impairment of recognition memory in patients with frontal lobe lesions. Cortex, 42, 983-994.PubMedCrossRef

Beauregard, M., Chertkow, H., Gold, D., Karama, S., Benhamou, J., Babins, L., & Faucher, A. (1997). Word priming with brief multiple presentation technique: Preservation in amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 35, 611-621.PubMedCrossRef

Bowers, J., & Schacter, D. L. (1933). Priming of novel information in amnesic patients: Issues and data. In P. Graf & M. E. J. Masson (Eds.), Implicit memory: New directions in cognition, development, and neuropsychology (pp. 303-326). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (1998). When things that were never experienced are easier to “remember” than things that were. Psychological Science, 9, 484-489.CrossRef

Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2002). Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 5, 164-169.CrossRef

Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1971). The abstraction of linguistic ideas. Cognitive Psychology, 2, 331-350.CrossRef

Brewer, W. F. (1977). Memory for the pragmatic implications of sentences. Memory & Cognition, 5, 673-678.

Brokate, B., Hildebrandt, H., Eling, P., Fichtner, H., Runge, K., & Timm, C. (2003). Frontal lobe dysfunctions in Korsakoff's syndrome and chronic alcoholism: Continuity or discontinuity? Neuropsychology, 17, 420-428.PubMedCrossRef

Brunfaut, E., & d'Ydewalle, G. (1996). A comparison of implicit memory tasks in Korsakoff and alcoholic patients. Neuropsychologia, 34, 1143-1150.PubMedCrossRef

Budson, A. E., Sullivan, A. L., Mayer, E., Daffner, K. R., Black, P. M., & Schacter, D. L. (2002). Suppression of false recognition in Alzheimer's disease and in patients with frontal lobe lesions. Brain, 125, 2750-2765.PubMedCrossRef

Butters, N., & Cermak, L. S. (1980). Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome: An information-processing approach to amnesia. New York: Academic Press.

Cabeza, R., Rao, S. M., Wagner, A. D., Mayer, A. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Can medial temporal lobe regions distinguish true from false? An event-related functional fMRI study of veridical and illusory recognition memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 4805-4810.PubMedCrossRef

Caulo, M., Van Hecke, J., Toma, L., Ferretti, A., Tartaro, A., Colosimo, C., Romani, G. L., & Uncini, A. (2005). Functional MRI study of diencephalic amnesia in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Brain, 128, 1584-1594.PubMedCrossRef

Ceci, S. J., Huffman, M. L. C., Smith, E., & Loftus, E. F. (1994). Repeatedly thinking about a non-event: Source misattributions among preschoolers. Consciousness and Cognition, 3, 388-407.CrossRef

Cermak, L. S., Bleich, R. P., & Blackford, S. P. (1988). Deficits in the implicit retention of new associations by alcoholic Korsakoff patients. Brain and Cognition, 7, 312-323.PubMedCrossRef

Cermak, L. S., Butters, N., & Gerrein, J. (1973). The extent of the verbal encoding ability of Korsakoff patients. Neuropsychologia, 11, 85-94.PubMedCrossRef

Cohen, N. J., Poldrack, R. A., & Eichenbaum, H. (1997). Memory for items and memory for relations in the procedural/declarative memory framework. Memory, 5, 131-178.PubMedCrossRef

Curran, T., Schacter, D. L., Norman, K. A., & Galluccio, L. (1997). False recognition after a right frontal lobe infarction: Memory for general and specific information. Neuropsychologia, 35, 1035-1049.PubMedCrossRef

Dalla Barba, G. (1993). Confabulation: Knowledge and recollective experience. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 10, 1-20.CrossRef

Davachi, L., & Wagner, A. D. (2002). Hippocampal contributions to episodic encoding: Insights from relational and item-based learning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 88, 982-990.PubMed

Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17-22.PubMedCrossRef

Dehon, H., & Brédart, S. (2004). False memories: Young and older adults think of semantic associates at the same rate, but young adults are more successful at source monitoring. Psychology and Aging, 19, 191-197.PubMedCrossRef

DePrince, A. P., Allard, C. B., Oh, H., & Freyd, J. J. (2004). What's in a name for memory errors? Implications and ethical issues arising from the use of the term “false memory” for errors in memory for details. Ethics & Behavior, 14, 201-233.CrossRef

Dodson, C. S., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Memory distortion. In B. Rapp (Ed.), The handbook of cognitive neuropsychology: What deficits reveal about the human mind (pp. 445-463). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.

Dolan, R. J., & Fletcher, P. C. (1997). Dissociating prefrontal and hippocampal function in episodic memory encoding. Nature, 388, 582-585.PubMedCrossRef

Dooling, D. J., & Christiaansen, R. E. (1997). Episodic and semantic aspects of memory for prose. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 426-436.

d'Ydewalle, G., & Van Damme, I. (2007). Memory and the Korsakoff syndrome: Not remembering what is remembered. Neuropsychologia, 45, 905-920.PubMedCrossRef

Fletcher, P. C., & Henson, R. N. A. (2001). Frontal lobes and human memory: Insights from functional neuroimaging. Brain, 124, 849-881.PubMedCrossRef

Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory. False memory research in DRM and related tasks. New York: Psychology Press.

Geraerts, E., Smeets, E., Jelicic, M., van Heerden, J., & Merckelbach, H. (2005). Fantasy proneness, but not self-reported trauma is related to DRM performance of women reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 602-612.PubMed

Gershberg, F. B., & Shimamura, A. P. (1995). Impaired use of organizational strategies in free recall following frontal lobe damage. Neuropsychologia, 13, 1305-1333.CrossRef

Giovanello, K. S., Keane, M. M., & Verfaellie, M. (2006). The contribution of familiarity to associative memory in amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 44, 1859-1865.PubMedCrossRef

Graf, P., Shimamura, A. P., & Squire, L. R. (1985). Priming across modalities and priming across category levels: Extending the domain of preserved function in amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11, 386-396.PubMedCrossRef

Graf, P., Squire, L. R., & Mandler, G. (1984). The information that amnesic patients do not forget. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 164-178.PubMedCrossRef

Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Boyett-Anderson, J. M., Eliez, S., Schatzberg, A. F., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003). Regional analysis of hippocampal activation during memory encoding and retrieval: fMRI study. Hippocampus, 13, 164-174.PubMedCrossRef

Harding, A., Halliday, G., Caine, D., & Kril, J. (2000). Degeneration of anterior thalamic nuclei differentiates alcoholics with amnesia. Brain, 123, 141-154.PubMedCrossRef

Hirst, W., & Volpe, B. T. (1988). Memory strategies with brain damage. Brain and Cognition, 8, 379-408.PubMedCrossRef

Homewood, J., & Bond, N. W. (1999). Thiamin deficiency and Korsakoff's syndrome: Failure to find memory impairments following nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy. Alcohol, 19, 75-84.PubMedCrossRef

Huffman, M. L., Crossman, A. M., & Ceci, S. J. (1997). “Are false memories permanent?”: An investigation of the long-term effects of source misattributions. Consciousness and Cognition, 6, 482-490.PubMedCrossRef

Hyman, I. E., Jr., Husband, T. H., & Billings, F. J. (1995). False memories of childhood experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 181-197.CrossRef

Israel, L., & Schacter, D. L. (1997). Pictorial encoding reduces false recognition of semantic associates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4, 577-581.

Jackson, O., III, & Schacter, D. L. (2004). Encoding activity in anterior medial temporal lobe supports subsequent associative recognition. NeuroImage, 21, 456-462.PubMedCrossRef

Jacoby, L. L. (2004). Knowing and remembering: Some parallels in the behavior of Korsakoff patients and normals. In L. S. Cermak (Ed.), Human memory and amnesia (pp. 97-122). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Johnson, M. K. (1985).The origin of memories. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy (Vol. 4, pp. 1-27). New York: Academic Press.

Johnson, M. K., & Chalfonte, B. L. (1944). Binding complex memories: The role of reactivation and the hippocampus. In D. L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.), Memory systems 1994 (pp. 311-350). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Johnson, M.K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28.PubMedCrossRef

Kopelman, M. D., Guinan, E. M., & Lewis, P. D. R. (1995). Delusional memory, confabulation and frontal lobe dysfunction. In R. Campbell & M. A. Conway (Eds.), Broken memories: Case studies in memory impairment (pp.137-153). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

Kopelman, M. D., Stevens, T.G., Foli, S., & Grasby, P. (1998). PET activation of the medial temporal lobe in learning. Brain, 121, 875-887.PubMedCrossRef

Koutstaal, W., & Schacter, D. L. (1997). Gist-based false recognition of pictures in older and younger adults. Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 555-583.CrossRef

Koutstaal, W., Schacter, D. L., Verfaellie, M., Brenner, C., & Jackson, E. M. (1999). Perceptually based false recognition of novel objects in amnesia: Effects of category size and similarity to category prototypes. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 16, 317-341.

Koutstaal, W., Verfaellie, M., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Recognizing identical versus similar categorically related common objects: Further evidence for degraded gist representations in amnesia. Neuropsychology, 15, 268-289.PubMedCrossRef

Kril, J. J., Halliday, G. M., Svoboda, M. D., & Cartwright, H. (1997). The cerebral cortex is damaged in chronic alcoholics. Neuroscience, 79, 983-998.PubMedCrossRef

Kroll, N. E. A., Knight, R. T., Metcalfe, J., Wolf, E. S., & Tulving, E. (1996). Cohesion failure as a source of memory illusions. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 176-196.CrossRef

Lampinen, J. M., & Schwartz, R. M. (2000). The impersistence of false memory persistence. Memory, 8, 393-400.PubMedCrossRef

Lezak, M. D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lindsay, D. S., & Read, J. D. (1994). Psychotherapy and memories of childhood sexual abuse: A cognitive perspective. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8, 281-338.CrossRef

Loftus, E.F. (1997). Creating false memories. Scientific American, 277(3), 70-75.PubMedCrossRef

Loftus, E. F., Coan, J. A., & Pickrell, J. E. (1996). Manufacturing false memories using bits of reality. In L.M. Reder (Ed.), Implicit memory and metacognition (pp. 195-220). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Loftus, E. F., Feldman, J., & Dashiell, R. (1995). The reality of illusory memories. In D. L. Schacter, J. T. Coyle, G. D. Fischbach, M. M. Mesulam, & L. E. Sullivan (Eds.), Memory distortion: How minds, brains, and societies reconstruct the past (pp. 47-68). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1994). The myth of repressed memory. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978). Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 19-31.CrossRef

Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 585-589.CrossRef

Loftus, E. F., & Pickrell, J. E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25, 720-725.

Mair, G. P., Warrington, E. K., & Weiskrantz, L. (1979). Memory disorder in Korsakoff's psychosis: A neuropathological and neuropsychological investigation of two cases. Brain, 123, 749-783.PubMedCrossRef

McBride, D. M., Coane, J. H., & Raulerson, B. A., III. (2006). An investigation of false memory in perceptual implicit tasks. Acta Psychologica, 123, 240-260.PubMedCrossRef

McDermott, K. B. (1996). The persistence of false memories in list recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 212-230.CrossRef

McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L., III. (1998). Attempting to avoid illusory memories: Robust false recognition of associates persists under conditions of explicit warnings and immediate testing. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 508-520.CrossRef

McKone, E., & Murphy, B. (4000). Implicit false memory: Effects of modality and multiple study presentations on long-lived semantic priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, 89-109.CrossRef

Melo, B., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (1999). False recall and false recognition: An examination of the effects of selective and combined lesions to the medial temporal lobe/diencephalon and frontal lobe structures. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 16, 343-359.CrossRef

Mitchell, K. J., & Zaragoza, M. S. (1996). Repeated exposure to suggestion and false memory: The role of contextual variability. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 246-260.CrossRef

Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 519-533.CrossRef

Nyberg, L., McIntosh, A. R., Houle, S., Nilsson, L. G., & Tulving, E. (1996). Activation of medial temporal structures during episodic memory retrieval. Nature, 380, 715-717.PubMedCrossRef

Oscar-Berman, M., & Evert, D. L. (1977). Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. In P. D. Nussbaum (Ed.), Handbook of neuropsychology and aging (pp. 201-215). New York: Plenum Press.

Parkin, A. J., & Leng, N. R. C. (1993). Neuropsychology of the amnesic syndrome. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Payne, D. G., Elie, C. J., Blackwell, J. M., & Neuschatz, J. S. (1996). Memory illusions: Recalling, recognizing, and recollecting events that never occurred. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 261-285.CrossRef

Pezdek, K., & Lam, S. (2007). What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study “False memory”, and what are the implications of these choices? Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 2-17.PubMedCrossRef

Phaf, R. H., Geurts, H., & Eling, P. A. T. M. (2000). Word frequency and word stem completion in Korsakoff patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22, 817-829.PubMedCrossRef

Poole, D. A., Lindsay, D. S., Memon, A., & Bull, R. (1995). Psychotherapy and the recovery of memories of childhood sexual abuse: U.S. and British practitioners' opinions, practices, and experiences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 426-437.PubMedCrossRef

Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory & Cognition, 21, 89-102.

Rapcsak, S. Z., Reminger, S. L., Glisky, E. L., Kaszniak, A. W., & Comer, J. F. (1999). Neuropsychological mechanisms of false facial recognition following frontal lobe damage. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 16, 267-292.CrossRef

Reed, L. J., Lasserson, D., Marsden, P., Stanhope, N., Stevens, T., Bello, F., Kingsley, D., Colchester, A., & Kopelman, M. D. (2003). FDG-PET findings in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Cortex, 39, 1027-1045.PubMedCrossRef

Reingold, E. M., & Goshen-Gottstein, Y. (1996). Separating consciously controlled and automatic influences in memory for new associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 397-406.CrossRef

Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (1995). Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis. Learning and Individual Differences, 7, 1-75.CrossRef

Robinson, K. J., & Roediger, H. L., III. (1997). Associative processes in false recall and false recognition. Psychological Science, 8, 231-237.CrossRef

Roediger, H. L., III, Jacoby, J. D., & McDermott, K. B. (1996). Misinformation effects in recall: Creating false memories through repeated retrieval. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 300-318.CrossRef

Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803-814.CrossRef

Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. (2000). Tricks of memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 123-127.CrossRef

Roediger, H. L., III, Watson, J. M., McDermott, K. B., & Gallo, D. A. (2001). Factors that determine false recall: A multiple regression analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 385-407.

Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 501-518.CrossRef

Schacter, D. L. (1995). Memory distortion: History and current status. In D. L. Schacter, J. T. Coyle, G. D. Fischbach, M. M. Mesulam, & L. E. Sullivan (Eds.), Memory distortion: How minds, brains, and societies reconstruct the past (pp. 1-43). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Schacter, D. L., Alpert, N. M., Savage, C. R., Rauch, S. L., & Albert, M. S. (1996a). Conscious recollection and the human hippocampal formation: Evidence from positron emission tomography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 321-325.PubMedCrossRef

Schacter, D. L., Buckner, R. L., Koutstaal, W., Dale, A. M., & Rosen, B. R. (1997a). Late onset of anterior prefrontal activity during true and false recognition: An event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage, 6, 259-269.PubMedCrossRef

Schacter, D. L., Norman, K. A., & Koutstaal, W. (1998a). The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 289-318.PubMedCrossRef

Schacter, D. L., Reiman, E., Curran, T., Yun, L. S., Bandy, D., McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L., III (1996b). Neuroanatomical correlates of veridical and illusory recognition memory: Evidence from positron emission tomography. Neuron, 17, 267-274.PubMedCrossRef

Schacter, D. L., & Slotnick, S. D. (2004). The cognitive neuroscience of memory distortion. Neuron, 44, 149-160.PubMedCrossRef

Schacter, D. L., Verfaellie, M., & Anes, M. D. (1997b). Illusory memories in amnesic patients: Conceptual and perceptual false recognition. Neuropsychology, 11, 331-342.PubMedCrossRef

Schacter, D. L., Verfaellie, M., Anes, M. D., & Racine, C. (1998b). When true recognition suppresses false recognition: Evidence from amnesic patients. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 668-679.PubMedCrossRef

Schacter, D. L., Verfaellie, M., & Pradere, D. (1996c). The neuropsychology of memory illusions: False recall and recognition in amnesic patients. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 319-334.CrossRef

Schooler, J. W. (1994). Seeking the core: The issues and evidence surrounding recovered accounts of sexual trauma. Consciousness and Cognition, 3, 452-469.CrossRef

Schooler, J. W., Gerhard, D., & Loftus, E. F. (1986). Qualities of the unreal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 171-181.PubMedCrossRef

Seamon, J. G., Luo, C. R., Kopecky, J. J., Price, C. A., Rothschild, L., Fung, N. S., & Schwartz, M. A. (2002). Are false memories more difficult to forget than accurate memories? The effect of retention interval on recall and recognition. Memory & Cognition, 30, 1054-1064.

Shimamura, A. P., & Squire, L. R. (1989). Impaired priming of new associations in amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 721-728.PubMedCrossRef

Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., Pierce, B. H., & Choi, H. (2002). The roles of associative responses at study and semantically guided recollection at test in false memory: The Kirkpatrick and Deese hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 47, 436-447.CrossRef

Stern, C. E., Corkin, S., Gonzalez, R. G., Guimaraes, A. R., Baker, J. R., Jennings, P. J., Carr, C. A., Sugiura, R. M., Vedantham, V., & Rosen, B. R. (1996). The hippocampal formation participates in novel picture encoding: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 8660-8665.PubMedCrossRef

Sulin, R. A., & Dooling, D. J. (1974). Intrusion of a thematic idea in retention of prose. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 255-262.CrossRef

Sullivan, E. V., & Marsh, L. (2003). Hippocampal volume deficits in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Neurology, 61, 1716-1719.PubMed

Thapar, A., & McDermott, K. B. (2001). False recall and false recognition induced by presentation of associated words: Effects of retention interval and level of processing. Memory & Cognition, 29, 424-432.

Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychologist, 26, 1-12.

Tulving, E. (2002). Episodic memory and common sense: how far apart? In A. Baddeley, J. P. Aggleton, & M. A. Conway (Eds.), Episodic memory: New directions in research (pp. 269-287). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Underwood, B. J. (1965). False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 122-129.PubMedCrossRef

Van Damme, I., & d'Ydewalle, G. (2008a). Elaborative processing in the Korsakoff syndrome: Context versus habit. Brain and Cognition, 67, 212-224.PubMedCrossRef

Van Damme, I., & d'Ydewalle, G. (2008b). Implicit false memory in the DRM paradigm: Effects of amnesia, encoding instructions, and encoding duration. Manuscript in preparation.

Van Damme, I., & d'Ydewalle, G. (2008c). Memory loss versus memory distortion: The role of encoding and retrieval deficits in Korsakoff patients' false memories. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Van der Werf, Y. D., Witter, M. P., Uylings, H. B. M., & Jolles, J. (2000). Neuropsychology of infarctions in the thalamus: A review. Neuropsychologia, 38, 613-627.PubMedCrossRef

Verfaellie, M., Cermak, L. S., Blackford, S. P., & Weiss, S. (1990). Strategic and automatic priming of semantic memory in alcoholic Korsakoff patients. Brain and Cognition, 13, 178-192.PubMedCrossRef

Verfaellie, M., Page, K., Orlando, F., & Schacter, D. L. (2005). Impaired implicit memory for gist information in amnesia. Neuropsychology, 19, 760-769.PubMedCrossRef

Verfaellie, M., Rapcsak, S. Z., Keane, M. M., & Alexander, M. P. (2004). Elevated false recognition in patients with frontal lobe damage is neither a general nor a unitary phenomenon. Neuropsychology, 94, 94-103.CrossRef

Verfaellie, M., Schacter, D. L., & Cook, S. P. (2002). The effect of retrieval instructions on false recognition: Exploring the nature of the gist memory impairment in amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 40, 2360-2368.PubMedCrossRef

Visser, P. J., Krabbendam, L., Verhey, F. R. J., Hofman, P. A. M., Verhoeven, W. M. A., Tuinier, S., Wester, A., Van Den Berg, Y. W. M. M., Goessens, L. F. M., Van der Werf, Y. D., & Jolles, J. (1999). Brain correlates of memory dysfunction in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 67, 774-778.CrossRef

Wade, K. A., Sharman, S. J., Garry, M., Memon, A., Mazzoni, G., Merckelbach, H., & Loftus, E. F. (2007). False claims about false memory research. Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 18-28.PubMedCrossRef

Warrington, E. K., & Weiskrantz, L. (1974). The effect of prior learning on subsequent retention in amnesic patients. Neuropsychologia, 12, 419-428.PubMedCrossRef

Zaragoza, M. S., & Lane, S. M. (1994). Source misattributions and the suggestibility of eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 934-945.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: A cognitive neuropsychological approach to false memory: Korsakoff patients and the DRM paradigm
verfasst von: Ilse Van Damme
Géry d’Ydewalle
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2009
Verlag: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Erschienen in: Netherlands journal of psychology / Ausgabe 3/2009
Print ISSN: 0028-2235
Elektronische ISSN: 0028-2235
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03076412

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten