Introduction
Methods
Characteristic | DCS | Rotterdam Study | CARDS |
---|---|---|---|
n
| 929 | 182 | 254 |
Age (years) | 63.4 ± 10.0 | 74.2 ± 8.1 | 61.4 ± 8.8 |
Male (%) | 56.4 | 45.1 | 69.0 |
BMI | 30.1 ± 4.9 | NA | NA |
Baseline HbA1c (%) | 6.7 ± 1.0 | 8.3 ± 1.5 | 8.7 ± 1.4 |
Baseline HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 50 ± 11 | 67 ± 16 | 72 ± 15 |
Adherence | NA | 88.4 ± 14.7 | NA |
eGFR | 91.8 ± 36.1 | NA | NA |
Responders (%) | 67.1 | 57.7 | 52.0 |
Metformin monotherapy (%) | 58.8 | 35.7 | 31.0 |
Genotype frequency rs11212617; AA/AC/CC (%) | 32.5/47.1/20.4 | 32.4/46.7/20.9 | 32.3/44.4/23.2 |
Qualitya (selection, comparability, exposure) | ****, *b, *** | ****,*b, *** | ****,*b, *** |
Results
Study | Group |
n
| OR (95% CI) | SE |
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DCS | Total group | 929 | 1.27 (1.03, 1.58) | 0.14 | 0.028 |
Monotherapy | 547 | 1.32 (0.99, 1.78) | 0.19 | 0.062 | |
Dual therapy | 382 | 1.20 (0.87, 1.66) | 0.19 | 0.26 | |
Rotterdam Study | Total group | 182 | 1.44 (0.87, 2.39) | 0.36 | 0.15 |
Monotherapy | 65 | 1.97 (0.72, 5.42) | 0.19 | 0.19 | |
Dual therapy | 117 | 1.40 (0.77, 2.57) | 0.30 | 0.27 | |
CARDS | Total group | 254 | 1.03 (0.68, 1.57) | 0.21 | 0.86 |
Monotherapy | 81 | 1.50 (0.76, 2.95) | 0.34 | 0.23 | |
Dual therapy | 173 | 0.82 (0.46, 1.46) | 0.29 | 0.51 | |
Meta-analysis | Total group | 1,365 | 1.24 (1.04, 1.49) | 0.09 | 0.016 |
Monotherapy | 693 | 1.38 (1.07, 1.80) | 0.13 | 0.015 | |
Dual therapy | 672 | 1.15 (0.89, 1.48) | 0.13 | 0.29 | |
Meta-analysis including stage 2 replication cohorts previously used by Zhou et al [8] | |||||
GoDARTS | Total group | 1,965 | 1.21 (1.05, 1.38) | 0.07 | 0.008 |
Monotherapy | 1,460 | 1.25 (1.07, 1.46) | 0.08 | 0.005 | |
Dual therapy | 505 | 1.08 (0.84, 1.40) | 0.13 | 0.54 | |
UKPDS | Total group | 1,113 | 1.37 (1.10, 1.72) | 0.11 | 0.006 |
Monotherapy | 284 | 1.82 (1.20, 2.78) | 0.21 | 0.005 | |
Dual therapy | 829 | 1.23 (0.94, 1.62) | 0.14 | 0.13 | |
Meta-analysis | Total group | 4,443 | 1.25 (1.13, 1.38) | 0.05 | 7.8 × 10−6
|
Monotherapy | 2,437 | 1.33 (1.16, 1.50) | 0.07 | 1.4 × 10−5
| |
Dual therapy | 2,006 | 1.15 (0.99, 1.34) | 0.08 | 0.067 |
Study | Group |
n
| Beta (95% CI) | SE |
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DCS | Total group | 929 | −0.020 (−0.095, 0.054) | 0.038 | 0.59 |
Monotherapy | 547 | 0.026 (−0.065, 0.117) | 0.046 | 0.58 | |
Dual therapy | 382 | −0.082 (−0.209, 0.045) | 0.065 | 0.21 | |
Rotterdam Study | Total group | 182 | −0.053 (−0.205, 0.098) | 0.077 | 0.49 |
Monotherapy | 65 | −0.107 (−0.327, 0.113) | 0.112 | 0.33 | |
Dual therapy | 117 | −0.069 (−0.266, 0.127) | 0.100 | 0.49 | |
CARDS | Total group | 254 | 0.163 (−0.031, 0.334) | 0.082 | 0.06 |
Monotherapy | 81 | −0.091 (−0.414, 0.213) | 0.160 | 0.54 | |
Dual therapy | 173 | 0.286 (0.089, 0.476) | 0.100 | 0.005 | |
Meta-analysis | Total group | 1,365 | 0.001 (−0.061, 0.062) | 0.032 | 0.99 |
Monotherapy | 693 | −0.000 (−0.082, 0.081) | 0.041 | 0.99 | |
Dual therapy | 672 | 0.004 (−0.089, 0.098) | 0.048 | 0.92 | |
Meta-analysis including stage 2 replication cohorts previously used by Zhou et al [8] | |||||
GoDARTS | Total group | 1,965 | −0.071 (−0.129, −0.014) | 0.030 | 0.016 |
Monotherapy | 1,460 | −0.080 (−0.147, −0.013) | 0.034 | 0.020 | |
Dual therapy | 505 | −0.060 (−0.170, 0.050) | 0.057 | 0.29 | |
UKPDS | Total group | 1,113 | −0.123 (−0.228, −0.019) | 0.053 | 0.021 |
Monotherapy | 284 | −0.286 (−0.465, −0.107) | 0.091 | 0.001 | |
Dual therapy | 829 | −0.067 (−0.193, 0.058) | 0.064 | 0.30 | |
Meta-analysis | Total group | 4,443 | −0.050 (−0.089, −0.010) | 0.020 | 0.013 |
Monotherapy | 2,437 | −0.066 (−0.116, −0.017) | 0.025 | 0.009 | |
Dual therapy | 2,006 | −0.033 (−0.095, 0.029) | 0.001 | 0.29 |